Variranje broja klasova po jedinici površine useva u različitim gustinama setve pšenice

Broj klasova po jedinice površine ima značajan uticaj na formiranje prinosa kroz osobine, dužinu klasa, broj klasaka u klasu, broj semena u klasu, masu klasa, masu semena u klasu i masu 1000 semena. Cilj rada je izučavanje variranja broja klasova pšenice u različitim rokovima i gustinama setve. U istraživanja su uključene dve sorte pšenice (Prima i Simonida), u ogledu sa dva roka i tri gustine setve u dve vegetacione sezone. Rezultati su pokazali značajne razlike u broju klasova m-2, između sorti, prema gustini setve, po rokovima setve i između dve vegetacione sezone. U obe vegetacione sezone, najmanji broj klasova m-2 je nađen pri gustini setve 350 semena m-2 kod obe sorte i to 504,50 i 350,33 kod Prime i 520,50 i 371,83 kod Simonide, dok je najveći broj klasova m-2 utvrđen pri najvećoj gustini setve (750 semena) i to 558,32 i 372,50 kod sorte Prima i 590,17 u prvoj i 622,17 klasova kod sorte Simonida u drugoj godini. Broj klasova m-2 je varirao zavisno od genotipa, gustine setve, vremena setve i uslova u vegetacionoj sezoni

Effect of salinity stress on antioxidant activity and grain yield of different wheat genotypes

In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of wheat in salinity stress conditions, an experiment with 27 wheat genotypes grown on two types of soil was conducted: solonetz (increased salinity) and chernozem (control), during two vegetation seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity and phenolic content (PC) were performed in different phenophases of wheat (tillering, stem elongation and heading). Genotypes showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (9.82 mg trolox equivalents (TE) per mg of dry matter (d.m.)) and PC (8.15 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per mg d.m.) under salinity stress conditions compared to values obtained on control (8.52 mg TE mg-1 d.m. and 7.13 mg GAE mg-1 d.m., respectively). All analyzed factors (genotype, soil type and year) had the highly significant influence on phenotypic variation of grain yield. Salinity stress reduced grain yield by 30%, whereas drought stress in 2016/2017 vegetation season reduced grain yield by 20%. Highly significant and positive correlations are present between grain yield and parameters of antioxidant activity in all growth stages of wheat and both soil conditions. Therefore, it could be possible to select salinity tolerant genotypes in early growth stages. DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content are in highly significant and positive correlation in all growth stages, which indicates that antioxidant activity is highly derived by phenolics

Effect of salinity stress on antioxidant activity and grain yield of different wheat genotypes

In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of wheat in salinity stress conditions, an experiment with 27 wheat genotypes grown on two types of soil was conducted: solonetz (increased salinity) and chernozem (control), during two vegetation seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity and phenolic content (PC) were performed in different phenophases of wheat (tillering, stem elongation and heading). Genotypes showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (9.82 mg trolox equivalents (TE) per mg of dry matter (d.m.)) and PC (8.15 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per mg d.m.) under salinity stress conditions compared to values obtained on control (8.52 mg TE mg-1 d.m. and 7.13 mg GAE mg-1 d.m., respectively). All analyzed factors (genotype, soil type and year) had the highly significant influence on phenotypic variation of grain yield. Salinity stress reduced grain yield by 30%, whereas drought stress in 2016/2017 vegetation season reduced grain yield by 20%. Highly significant and positive correlations are present between grain yield and parameters of antioxidant activity in all growth stages of wheat and both soil conditions. Therefore, it could be possible to select salinity tolerant genotypes in early growth stages. DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content are in highly significant and positive correlation in all growth stages, which indicates that antioxidant activity is highly derived by phenolics

Variability of tillering in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 have share in forming of grain yield of wheat. The aim of this study was estimation of variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars grown in different environmental conditions. The experiment was set up as a randomised block design in three replications. Obtained results indicated differences in average values of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 among tested cultivars in both years of experiment. In average for all cultivars length of spike was higher in the second year than in first year of experiment. Also, average value of number of spikelets spike-1 was higher in second year at the analysed wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivar Dejana expressed the highest length of spike (12.50cm) in average in the second experimental year while the wheat cultivar Sumadinka had the least length of spike (8.91cm) in average in the first year. Based on the results was established, variability of wheat cultivars for the both analysed traits of spike, as well as, significant differences between the wheat cultivars according to length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 , which are in dependence of genetic and environmental factors

Germination of maize hybrids seed stored after harvest

In this investigation used three maize hybrids that are belongs to different group of ripening: FAO 3, FAO 4 and FAO 6. The seed of those hybrids used for investigation of genotypic divergences for seed germination, energy of germination, content of abnormal emergence of seeds, content of dead seeds. Hybrid seed for analysis produced on the experimental field of the Institute of Maize in Zemun Polje, Belgrade. The viability of the maize hybrids seeds were determined in experimental analysis carried out in laboratory for quality of seed in the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade. According to standard method on filter paper were estimated the values of seed germination. The three experiment of seed germination carried out: 2 months after harvest, 9 months after harvest and 18 months after harvest. In average for each test the highest percentage of seed germination were found for hybrid ZP FAO3: 92.75% for seed after 2 months of harvest, 92.00% for seed 9 monhts after harvest and 91.50% for seeds after 18 months of harvest. This hybrid had the lowest percentage of ungerminated seeds (2.75%) and the least content of dead seed (~5.00%). The lowest value of seed germination (86.33%) and the highest values of ungerminated seed (~3.00%) as well the highest content of dead seed (10.33%) had hybrid belongs FAO 4 group. The obtained results indicate differences of germination in analyzed maize genotypes

Germination of maize hybrids seed stored after harvest

In this investigation used three maize hybrids that are belongs to different group of ripening: FAO 3, FAO 4 and FAO 6. The seed of those hybrids used for investigation of genotypic divergences for seed germination, energy of germination, content of abnormal emergence of seeds, content of dead seeds. Hybrid seed for analysis produced on the experimental field of the Institute of Maize in Zemun Polje, Belgrade. The viability of the maize hybrids seeds were determined in experimental analysis carried out in laboratory for quality of seed in the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade. According to standard method on filter paper were estimated the values of seed germination. The three experiment of seed germination carried out: 2 months after harvest, 9 months after harvest and 18 months after harvest. In average for each test the highest percentage of seed germination were found for hybrid ZP FAO3: 92.75% for seed after 2 months of harvest, 92.00% for seed 9 monhts after harvest and 91.50% for seeds after 18 months of harvest. This hybrid had the lowest percentage of ungerminated seeds (2.75%) and the least content of dead seed (~5.00%). The lowest value of seed germination (86.33%) and the highest values of ungerminated seed (~3.00%) as well the highest content of dead seed (10.33%) had hybrid belongs FAO 4 group. The obtained results indicate differences of germination in analyzed maize genotypes

Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments

Various statistical methods were applied in this research: analysis of genetic parameters, Pearson’s correlation, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and Path analysis, with the aim of creating a selection criterion for increasing wheat grain yield. A twoyear experimental study was conducted with twenty-seven wheat genotypes, grown on two localities: Rimski Šančevi (Bačka, Vojvodina), on Chernozem soil type; and Kumane (Banat, Vojvodina), on Solonjec soil type. The highest values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (CVp) had the grain weight per plant (17.44% on Chernozem and 13.81% on Solonetz), while the lowest value of CVp had the thousand grain weight (8.12% on Chernozem and 5.47% on Solonetz). On Chernozem, the value of the genotypic coefficient of variation (CVg) ranged from 1.51%, in the number of grains per spike, to 9.17% in the spike length, while on Solonetz, grain weight per plant had the lowest value of CVg (0.36%) and plant height the highest one (11.15%). At both localities, grain yield was in highly significant and positive correlations with all analyzed traits, except with plant height and spike length. In favorable environmental conditions (Chernozem), Path analysis revealed that grain yield directly depends on grain weight per spike (0.317**), number of grains per spike (0.232**) and spike weight (0.209**), and other analyzed traits have a positive indirect effect on grain yield over mentioned traits. Under salinity stress conditions, the grain weight per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield (0.891**), which makes this trait a good selection criterion in breeding for salinity stress tolerance.У овом истраживању су примењене различите статистичке методе: анализа генетичких параметара, Пирсонове корелације, генотипске и фенотипске корелације и Path анализа, са циљем да се креира селекциони критеријум за повећање приноса зрна пшенице. Споведено је двогодишње експериментално истраживање са двадесет седам генотипова пшенице, гајених на два локалитета: Римски Шанчеви (Бачка, Војводина), на земљишту типа чернозем; и Кумане (Банат, Војводина), на земљишту типа солоњец. Највеће вредности фенотипског коефицијента варијације (CVp) има маса зрна по биљци (17,44% на чернозему и 13,81% на солоњецу), док је најмања вредност CVp установљена код масе 1000 зрна (8,12% на чернозему и 5,47% на солоњецу). Вредност генотипског коефицијента варијације (CVg) се, на чернозему, кретала од 1,51%, код броја зрна по класу, до 9,17%, код дужине класа, док је на солоњецу маса зрна по биљци имала најмању вредност CVg (0,36%), а висина биљке највећу (11,15%). На оба локалитета принос зрна је у високозначајним и позитивним генотипским и фенотипским корелацијама са свим особинама, осим са висином биљке и дужином класа. У повољним условима средине (чернозем), Path анализа показује да принос зрна директно зависи од масе зрна по класу (0,317**), броја зрна по класу (0,232**) и масе класа (0,209**), док остале особине имају позитиван индиректни ефекат на принос преко наведених особина. У условима стреса заслањености, највећи директни ефекат на принос зрна има маса зрна по биљци (0,891**), што чини ову особину добрим селекционим критеријумом за повећање приноса зрна у условима стреса