11 research outputs found
Modeling and Calculation of Water Intake of Siberia
ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉThe article deals with certain subterranean and surface water inlet springsβ designing particularities
applying to Siberia. It is shown that the roughness coefficient for the cost is inversely proportional
to that small fillings channel correspond to large values of it, and vice versa. The results allowed
us to develop methods for the design of intake structures at the complexity, without involving
costly results of field measurement
Dry Residues of Sewage β a Promising Energy Fuel
ΠΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π°
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ (ΠΠ‘Π). ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50 %), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 80 %) ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅
Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 268 Β°C. ΠΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅
0,4Γ10β6, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ 13 %/ΠΌΠΈΠ½,
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ 633 Β°C. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ‘Π Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π°
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
(ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ). ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΠ‘Π Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈFrom the profiles of the curves of differential scanning calorimetry, the maximum intensity of the heat flux, as well as the endothermic and exothermic effects of the combustion of wastewater residues (SWS) were determined. Sludge wastewater residues have a high ash content (more than 50 %), which reduces the value of the lower calorific value in the working state. The high content of volatile substances (more than 80 %) ensures early ignition at a temperature of 268 Β°C. Having a low ignition temperature, they can be a promising additional fuel to coal after enrichment in order to significantly reduce the ash content and increase the calorific value. The low value of the combustion index equal to 0.4Γ10β6 is due to the low value of the maximum reaction rate equal to 13 %/min and the high burnout temperature equal to 633 Β°C. The conducted studies have shown that the combustion of WWS does not lead to a deterioration in the operating conditions of the furnace screens in boiler furnaces due to the high content of minerals in the ash with a high melting point (iron and calcium phosphates). The high content of phosphorus in wastewater residues contributes to the immobilization of mobile iron into phosphates. Such a composition of WWS will help to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in slag and ash residues of co-combustion with coal during subsequent long-term storage. The results of this study should be used in the design of thermal power facilitie
Methods of Burning Solid Fuel Mixtures in Power Plants (Review)
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20 %. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉThe paper presents one of the most accessible ways to transition to resource-saving and environmentally safe generation of heat and electricity by coal-fired thermal power facilities, which consists in burning fuel mixtures. A review of the existing experience in the transfer of existing heat engineering equipment both in Russia and abroad is carried out, the main difficulties in the process of burning solid fuel mixtures are described in detail. The most effective mixtures in terms of their environmental performance are obtained on the basis of coal and biomass with its addition in terms of heat content of no more than 20 %. The combustion remains one of the most complex and unexplored processes, and during the joint combustion of several solid fuels, additional interactions occur that affect the main combustion characteristics, therefore, the paper separately considers the methods for studying the combustion process and equipment for experimental combustion of solid fuel mixture
Features of Designing Water Reservoirs in the Conditions of the North
ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Some features of design of water intake facilities in Siberia from underground and surface
sources are outlined. The accumulated experience in design and construction on permafrost at
present allows creating reliable and economical water supply systems for objects of any purpose
in various permafrost-climatic condition
Methods for Producing and Practical Use of Synthesis Gas (Review)
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ BIGCC Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°The article details the process of gasification of fuel, which takes place inside the gas
generator during synthesis gas production, gives examples of industrial application of synthesis gas
obtained from coal both in Russia and abroad. Various types of gas generators are described. The
calorific characteristics of synthesis gases obtained from different fuels and different methods were
analyzed. What is described is a combined cycle of complex gasification of BIGCC biomass with the
given example of exergetic analysis. The topic of calorie content of synthesis gas obtained during
thermal depolymerization of organic fuel in the absence of oxygen is covere
Features of Designing Water Reservoirs in the Conditions of the North
ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Some features of design of water intake facilities in Siberia from underground and surface
sources are outlined. The accumulated experience in design and construction on permafrost at
present allows creating reliable and economical water supply systems for objects of any purpose
in various permafrost-climatic condition
Reconstruction of the Water Supply to the City of Igarka of Krasnoyarsk Region
ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³. ΠΠ³Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡSome features of use of water supply systems in the conditions of the Far North are stated. the considered water supply system in Igarka prior to the reconstruction. The reasons for the need for reconstruction of existing water intake facilities are presented. The composition of the reconstructed water intake facilities is described. The experience of operation of reconstructed water supply facilities in Igarka is summarize
Modeling and Calculation of Water Intake of Siberia
ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉThe article deals with certain subterranean and surface water inlet springsβ designing particularities
applying to Siberia. It is shown that the roughness coefficient for the cost is inversely proportional
to that small fillings channel correspond to large values of it, and vice versa. The results allowed
us to develop methods for the design of intake structures at the complexity, without involving
costly results of field measurement
Pressure Testing the District Heating Systems: Results of Retrospective Analysis
Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅
ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ). Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π³. ΠΠΌΡΠΊΠ°). ΠΠ°Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ (Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ)
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
Π ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 50 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/Π΄ΠΌ3. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π³. ΠΠΌΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌDistribution of thermal energy using different types of mains has experienced practical application and much development over a period of more than a century. Technical excellence, operational characteristics including conservation of heat energy, reliability and future maintenance are of prime consideration. Reliability of heat supply is evaluated by the number of network failures. Failure amount in district heating (DH) networks is enormous. It makes us pay attention to DH performance issues. It is sufficiency to rehabilitate only mostly outworn distribution lengths to reduce a failure rate and heat losses. The main mean is hydraulic pressure tests. The aim of the paper is data generalization and provision an overview of the subjects included in the project within certain DH system (e. g. Omsk's DH system). The article includes general information about this method. The process to prepare this paper was as follows: defining the scope of works for the study which was discussed and mutually agreed in meetings between the authors. Back-in-time pressure tests operation data analysis technique is chosen to receive a valid data. Then the study was started with collecting relevant data in written form, a background study, familiarizing to previous studies and reports made during the span of years. Its efficiency was analysed. Negative causes were given. Relevance of modernization of pressure tests perfomance was clarified during the state assessment as well as the development of the same option in the future. According to the collected data the authors carried out that future research in this field is require
Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Combustion of Khakassia Coal, Pine Sawdust and their Blends
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· (Π’ΠΠ) Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π₯Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ
Π’Π ΠΈ ΠΠ’Π ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Ti = 308 Β°C, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Tb = 490 Β°C. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 100 Β°C ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡA thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the combustion of two long-flame hard coals from the Republic of Khakassia, pine sawdust and their blends in the air stream, depending on the chemical composition and thermal characteristics of the samples, was carried out. The ignition temperature and the burn-out temperature of the coke residue of the studied samples were determined by extrapolation using the TG and DTG curves. The indices of ignition, burnout and combustion are calculated taking into account the time parameters. The ignition temperature of pine sawdust was Ti = 308 Β°C, the burnout temperature was Tb = 490 Β°C. When sawdust was added to the coals, the combustion process of the blend shifted to lower temperatures, and the ignition temperature decreased by more than 100 Β°C compared to the ignition temperature of the coals. The energy -efficient compositions of blends that ensure their high combustion characteristics are determine