176 research outputs found

    Relationship between Depression and Students’ Health as Well as Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards Including U.S Drone Attacks in North Waziristan Agency

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    Depression is that psychological problem in which adolescents are sad and broken down; they feel loneliness and mostly show th symptoms like low self-esteem, self blame, hopelesnees, suicide thought, anger and bad temper (Elgard and Arlett, 2002). The main purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between depression and students’ health as well as their academic achievement at Secondary level due to war hazards including U.S drone attacks in North Waziristan Agency. All 10th class students of Govt. High Schools in North Waziristan Agency were the population of the study. Four hundred and three respondents were taken as sample from the selected Govt. High Schools. Respondents were taken through simple random sampling technique. The study was delimited to 10th class students of thirty schools only i.e.(15 male and 15 female Govt. High Schools) in North Waziristan Agency in which 50.12%  respondents were male and 49.88% were female. Data was collected through face-to-face questionnaire having five options ‘Always’, ‘Frequently’, ‘Occasionally’, ‘Seldom’ and ‘Never’ carrying values 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively in order to get the responses of the respondents easily and clearly. The study concluded that war hazard including U.S drone attacks caused depression in North Waziristan Agency in which students suffered a lot mentally, physically and academically. Keywords: War Hazard, U.S. Drone Attacks, Depression, Students’ Health, Academic Achievement and Schools

    Association between place of residence and psychological distress among adults living in rural and urban areas in the Eastern Townships

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    OBJECTIF : Examiner le lien entre l’urbanisation et la détresse psychologique des adultes vivant dans la région de l’Estrie, en plus d’examiner le rôle des caractéristiques comportementales et environnementales (sociales et physiques) sur cette association. MÉTHODES : Les données des répondants de l’Enquête de santé populationnelle estrienne (ESPE) 2014-2015 (n=10 687 adultes) ont été analysées. La détresse a été mesurée avec le Kessler-6 (K6 ≥ 7) et l’urbanisation, avec le proxy de la densité résidentielle des communautés traitée en quintiles. Des analyses de régression logistique multivariées et des analyses multiniveaux ont été réalisées avec un seuil α de 5%. RÉSULTATS : En Estrie, la prévalence globale de détresse est estimée à 23,7 %. Les femmes, les 18-24 ans, les personnes monoparentales, celles ne possédant pas de diplôme, travaillant à temps partiel, ayant un revenu < 20 000ouvivantdanslesquartiersdeˊfavoriseˊspreˊsententplusdedeˊtresse.Larelationbruteentreladensiteˊetladeˊtressenestsignificativequepourle5equintile(plusdense)comparativementau1erquintile(RC1,24;IC95 ou vivant dans les quartiers défavorisés présentent plus de détresse. La relation brute entre la densité et la détresse n’est significative que pour le 5e quintile (plus dense) comparativement au 1er quintile (RC 1,24; IC95%:1,02–1,51). En contrôlant pour les caractéristiques individuelles, la relation entre la densité et la détresse s’affaiblit et devient non significative (RC 1,18; IC95% : 0,99 - 1,40), mais diminue de façon plus importante (RC 0,78 ; IC95% : 0,47 - 1,29) après un contrôle pour les caractéristiques environnementales (sécurité face au quartier, manque d’arbres, défavorisation sociale, densité d’intersections, indice de végétation et mixité des sols). CONCLUSION : Cette étude est la première à examiner une association entre l’urbanisation et la détresse psychologique tout en considérant le rôle des caractéristiques individuelles et environnementales en contexte canadien. Ces dernières semblent expliquer en grande partie la relation entre ces deux concepts.OBJECTIVE: To examine the link between urbanization and the distress of adults in the Eastern Townships and to examine the role of behavioral and environmental characteristics in this association. METHODS: Data from the 2014–2015 Eastern Townships Population Health Survey (n = 10,687) were analyzed. Psychological distress was measured with Kessler-6 (K6 ≥ 7) and urbanization was treated with the residential density of the communities (quintiles). Multivariate logistic regression analysis and multilevel analysis were performed with α = 5%. RESULTS: In the Eastern Townships, the overall prevalence of distress is estimated at 23.7%. Women, 18-24 year old, lone parents, those with no degree, who work part-time, have an income of 20,000 or less and who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods have more psychological distress. The association between density and distress is significant for the 5th quintile (highest density) (OR 1.24, CI 95%: 1.02-1.51) compared to the 1st quintile. The association is no longer significant (OR 1.18, CI 95%: 0.99 – 1.40) after controlling for individual variables, but decreases considerably after controlling for the environmental variables (perceived neighborhood safety, lack of trees, social deprivation, density of intersections, vegetation index and land use mix) with an OR of 0.78 (CI 95%: 0.47 – 1.29). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to examine the association between urbanization and distress, while considering the role of individual and environmental characteristics in Canada. The latter seems to explain largely the association between these two concepts

    The effects of violence-contended TV serials and programs on the behavior of the students of Kandahar University (male and female)

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    The current research study investigates the influences of violence-contented TV dramas and programs on the behaviors of Kandahar University students (male and female). The current study used a survey design research method for collecting and analyzing the data. The sample size for this study was 50 males and female students in undergraduate level studies. Students were stratified on the basis of their classes, gender and ages. The findings revealed the following points between males and female students: negative influences on the campaign of inappropriate traditions in the society. (Male: mean score: 4.60 with 7.70 S.D and female: mean score: 4.48 with 7.70 S.D), campaign for unethical issues (Male: mean score: 4.44 with 917 S.D and female: mean score: 4.28 with 891 S.D). Three important influences on male behaviors: new generation is yearning for guns (mean 4.64 with 569 S.D), negative advantages on the psychological status (mean 4.48 with 714 S.D). Three important influences on the female behaviors: making arguments in the society (mean 4.24 with 831 S.D), negative influences in attaining personality (mean 4.36 with 810 S.D) and increase of sensing fear (mean 4.32 with 802 S.D). Thus the findings of the study showed the contents of violent and vehement TV dramas and programs on the behaviors of Kandahar University males and female students have resulted deep influences and server decisions have to be made for their control and awareness to avoid the negative influences

    Accuracy checks of physical beam modifier factors algorithm used in computerized treatment planning system for a 15MV photon beam

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    In order to optimize the tumour dose by using wedge filters, systematic studies were carried out to investigate the accuracy of the beam modifier algorithm in a computerized treatment planning system (Theraplan plus, version 3.8). The effect of different parameters such as beam hardening and softening coefficients on the wedge factor was also studied. A 15[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]MV photon beam obtained from a linear accelerator was used throughout the experiments. Normalized wedge factors were determined experimentally as well as with the Theraplan plus system as a function of field size and depth in a water phantom for 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° wedge filters. The attenuation coefficients, beam hardening coefficient, and beam softening coefficients were also determined experimentally using the 15[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]MV photon beam for each wedge angle. The measured normalized wedge factor was found to increase with increasing depth and field size for the 15[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]MV beam. The Theraplan plus calculated normalized wedge factor was found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. This study indicated that ignoring the dependence of the wedge factor on depth and field size will result in underexposure of the tumour

    Response of fed dung composted with rock phosphate on yield and phosphorus and nitrogen uptake of maize crop

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    Two experiments were conducted to determine the extent of phosphate (P) solubility from rock phosphate (RP) fed dung through composting with RP and to determine its effects on yield and P uptake of maize crop. Different composts of RP fed dung and simple dung were prepared with and without RP. Field experiment was conducted on silty clay loam soil at the research farm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar to study the effect of RP fed dung composted with RP on the yield, yield components and P uptake of maize (Zea mays. L. Azam). The fertilizers, N, P and K, were applied at the rate of 120- 90- 60 kg ha-1, respectively in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Compost and urea were used as a fertilizer source for N, compost and single super phosphate (SSP) as a fertilizer source for P and sulphate of Potash (SOP) was used as a fertilizer source for K. Application of the compost prepared from RP fed dung with RP, improved the yield and yield components of maize crop. The maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased grain yield of 3264 kg ha-1, total dry matter yield of 9634 kg ha-1, stover yield of 7293 kg ha-1, and thousand grain weight (231 g) of maize crops were recorded in the treatment where full dose of the prepared compost was applied with half dose of SSP, followed by the treatment of full recommended SSP. The data of soil analysis showed increase in soil organic matter content and a decreasing trend in soil pH values. Application of compost with SSP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil N and P concentration and their uptake by the maize plants. Maximum net return of Rs. 24060 ha-1 with a value cost ratio (VCR) of 3.0:1 was obtained by the application of full dose of compost with half SSP, followed by the treatment of full dose of compost applied alone with a net return of Rs. 14555 ha-1 and VCR of 2.8 : 1. Results suggest that application of the compost prepared from RP fed dung with RP is economical, environment friendly and has the potential to improve maize yield, plants N and P  uptake.Key words: Maize, dung, rock phosphate, composts, yield, plants P uptake

    Efficient Rooting System for Apple “M.9” Rootstock Using Rice Seed Coat and Smocked Rice Seed Coat

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    “M.9” rootstock is considered as one of the most useful apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) rootstocks; it produces dwarfing trees efficiently. As “M.9” rootstock shows a poor, brittle, and shallow roots system, we grafted “M.9” rootstocks onto “Marubakaidou” (M. prunifolia Borkh. var. ringo Asami Mo 84-A). We then propagated them by mound layering to establish a high-density root system. It was found that covering the roots with rice seed coat (RSC), RSC + smoked rice seed coat (SRSC), and vermiculite during mound layering was effective for the initiation of rooting. Utilizing RSC and SRSC seemed especially effective for producing “M.9” roots efficiently
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