Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aromatic aldehydes by N-chlorosuccinimide in aqueous acetic acid

2044-2047Kinetics of oxidation of aromatic aldehydes by N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in the presence of HClO4 and NaCl in aqueous acetic acid medium is reported here. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to [NCS], [H+] and [Clˉ] . The order with respect to [aldehyde] is always zero. The rate is found to increase with decrease in the dielectric constant of the medium. Increase of ionic strength of the medium decreases the rate of oxidation. Addition of succinimide (>NH), has negligible effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is the corresponding acid. Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism is also proposed

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide[NBS] 80% aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to both[NBS] and [benzoin]. The effect of varying ionic strength and dielectric constant indicate the reaction is dipole-dipole type. Addition of succinimide(&gt;NH), has a retarding effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is benzil. By studying the effect of temparature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate low explaining the experiment results is derived. </jats:p

Kinetics of Oxidation of Cychlohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Kinetics of oxidation o Cyclohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide(NCN) in 50% V/V aqueous acetic acid mixture has been investigated in the presence of HCIO4 and NaCl. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to oxidation (NCN) and fractional-order with respect to cyclohexanol. A decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate. Addition of nicotinamide (NA), the reduction product of NCN, has a retarding effect an the rate of oxidation. Arrhenius and activation parameters are calculated. Kinetics of bromination1 and oxidation2,3 of saturated organic compounds by N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) have been received considerable attention. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of amino acids by NCN has been reported in aqueous acetic acid medium, we report herein the result of similar studies on the oxidation of cyclohexanol with NCN in aqueous acetic acid medium. </jats:p

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide[NBS] 80% aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to both[NBS] and [benzoin]. The effect of varying ionic strength and dielectric constant indicate the reaction is dipole-dipole type. Addition of succinimide(&gt;NH), has a retarding effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is benzil. By studying the effect of temparature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate low explaining the experiment results is derived

Robust stabilization and <i>H</i>_∞ control for discrete-time stochastic genetic regulatory networks with time delays

This paper presents some novel results on robust stabilization and H∞ control design for a class of uncertain discrete-time stochastic genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with time-varying delays. The GRNs under consideration are subject to stochastic noise, time-varying, and norm bounded parameter uncertainties. By constructing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional that contains some novel triple summation terms, we propose a state feedback gene controller to guarantee that the considered GRN is mean-square asymptotically stable about its equilibrium point for all admissible uncertainties. The other issue is to design a H∞ feedback gene controller so that the GRN is robustly stable with a prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level for all admissible uncertainties and for all delays to satisfy both the lower bound and upper bound of the interval time-varying delay. The obtained conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be easily verified via the LMI toolbox. Finally, the control scheme has been implemented in a gene network model to illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the obtained results. </jats:p

Kinetics of Oxidation of Cychlohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Kinetics of oxidation o Cyclohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide(NCN) in 50% V/V aqueous acetic acid mixture has been investigated in the presence of HCIO4 and NaCl. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to oxidation (NCN) and fractional-order with respect to cyclohexanol. A decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate. Addition of nicotinamide (NA), the reduction product of NCN, has a retarding effect an the rate of oxidation. Arrhenius and activation parameters are calculated. Kinetics of bromination1 and oxidation2,3 of saturated organic compounds by N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) have been received considerable attention. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of amino acids by NCN has been reported in aqueous acetic acid medium, we report herein the result of similar studies on the oxidation of cyclohexanol with NCN in aqueous acetic acid medium

An Efficient Intrusion Detection System Using Improved Bias Based Convolutional Neural Network Classifier

Today’s modern society has faced many challenges due to the rapid digitization and growing number of hackers, which makes the networking-based systems to become a target place for intruders. The attacks may allure the users, and it compromised the whole system and makes the security the biggest challenge. In this regard, the best way to combat the issues is by exploring new ways to defend the network against threats. More recently, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is a key enabling technology in maintaining the novel network security. Indeed, some existing systems utilize Improved Relevance Vector Machine (IVRM) classifier for performing intrusion detection in network-based systems.  In this work, feature selection is done by using Gaussian Firefly Algorithm and Improved Relevance Vector Machine (IRVM) based classification is performed according to the selected features. However, for large-scale intrusion dataset, the intrusion detection is not robust; hence, it leads to high attack rates. The proposed system designed an Improved Bias based Convolutional Neural Network (ICNN) for high attack intrusion detection.  For embracing high-security factors and enhanced protection, the proposed system performs three phases, such as preprocessing, feature selection, and classification. The first phase employs the KDD dataset and Kalman filtering method followed by feature selection utilizes Inertia Weight based Dragonfly Algorithm (IWDA) and finally identified the intrusion attacks using Improved Bias based Convolutional Neural Network (IBCNN) classifier. In this work, a novel model performed with the KDD dataset. The suggested method evaluated in terms of accuracy, f-measure, recall, and precision for examining performance compared with existing systems.</jats:p