Accidents d’évolution de la dent de sagesse inférieure au département d’odontostomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale du CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo

Introduction : L’objectif de cette étude était de contribuer à l’amélioration de la prise en charge des accidents d’évolution de la dent de sagesse inférieure au centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Patients et méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude de cohorte descriptive allant du 01/01/2010 au 31/12/2012. Résultats : Nous avons enregistré 110 cas d’accidents d’évolution de la dent de sagesse inférieure. La tranche d’âge de 20 à 30 ans était la plus touchée avec une prédominance féminine (57,7 %). Les élèves et les étudiants (52,7 %) étaient les plus représentés. La douleur, retrouvée dans 59,1 % des cas, a été le principal motif de consultation. Le type de malposition le plus fréquent était la dent de sagesse inférieure enclavée (81,3 %) en position mésio-angulaire (56,6 %), le plus souvent bilatérale. Les accidents infectieux et nerveux étaient le plus fréquemment rencontrés. Le traitement était l’avulsion des dents de sagesse sous anesthésie générale ou sous anesthésie locale. Conclusion : Un dépistage précoce suivi d’une germectomie permettrait de réduire la morbidité liée aux accidents d’évolution de la dent de sagesse inférieure

Tuberculose de la cavité buccale révélant une tuberculose pulmonaire : à propos d’une observation

La tuberculose de la cavité buccale est une entité rare, souvent secondaire à une localisation pulmonaire. Cet article rapporte un cas de tuberculose du palais, révélatrice d’une tuberculose miliaire pulmonaire, chez un patient de 47 ans. Les manifestations cliniques de la tuberculose buccale sont peu spécifiques. Elle se traduit le plus souvent par une ulcération buccale chronique qui fait évoquer de nombreuses autres étiologies parmi lesquelles une tumeur maligne, une infection bactérienne, virale ou mycosique, une maladie de système, une ulcération aphteuse ou traumatique. Devant toute ulcération buccale chronique dont l’étiologie n’apparaît pas évidente, on doit penser à une tuberculose de la cavité buccale. Pour confirmer ce diagnostic, il faut réaliser un examen histopathologique, un examen bactériologique direct et une culture à partir de tissu frais ainsi que la recherche d’une tuberculose pulmonaire

Labial lesions by human bite

Introduction: A bite from another human is an unusual cause of maxillo-facial traumatology. Our objective was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of labial lesions caused by this kind of bite. Patients and methods: A descriptive prospective study was carried out at the University hospitals of Yalgado OUEDRAOGO and Blaise COMPAORE in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso between June 2012 and May 2017. Results: We collected a sample of 28 patients with an average age of 32.5 years. The sex ratio was about 0.3. All the bites had been inflicted by women. The victims generally came from an underprivileged socioprofessional background. The bite had occurred during a brawl in 26 patients (92.9% cases) and in some context of aggression among 2 patients. The lesions were located on the lower lip among 21 patients, the upper lip among 4 patients, and along the commissure among 3 patients and resulted in a loss of tissue among 23 patients (82.1%). The treatment was surgical in nature, using trimming and labialization with satisfactory results in all cases. Conclusion: The circumstances surrounding the bites are not always clear and the lesions are almost always serious and require delicate treatment

Maxillary ameloblastoma: results of the treatment in 11 patients

Introduction: Surgery of maxilla ameloblastoma is mutilating and the tumor propensity for recurrence high. Patients and Methods: The oral and visual functions, facial morphology and tumor recurrence in 11 patients after maxillary ameloblastoma surgery are retrospectively reviewed. Results: Facial morphology was satisfactory in 7 patients who had all tumor removal by a type 1 or 2A maxillectomy and surgical wound closure. Out of these patients, 4 who had dental rehabilitation by conventional prosthesis presented satisfactory mastication. Four patients subjected to the tumor removal by a type 3 maxillectomy had all facial asymmetry. Out of these, 1 patient who did not have the orbital floor defect repair presented diplopia and enophtalmos, 2 patients subjected to the palate defect repair by a prosthetic obturator or oral mucosa had elocution impairment. The tumor recurrence occurred in 2 patients after tumor enucleation and in 1 patient after radical surgery out of 8 patients who had a postoperative follow-up. Discussion: In ameloblastoma surgery, achieving both the tumor recurrence prevention and a satisfactory facial reconstruction is challenging. Conclusion: Avoiding the tumor recurrence should be the major goal when patient post-surgical follow-up cannot be guaranteed

Les cancers de la cavité buccale : affection à prédominance féminine à Ouagadougou

Objectif : Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective dans le but de présenter les caractéristiques des cancers de la cavité buccale à travers une comparaison entre les deux sexes au CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso). Patients et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective à partir de l’examen des dossiers de 79 patients reçus en consultation entre janvier 2003 et décembre 2014. Tous les patients avec un diagnostic histologique d’une tumeur maligne intra-orale ont été inclus. Les caractéristiques démographiques des patients (âge, sexe) et les principales caractéristiques des tumeurs malignes (localisation, type histologique) ont été explorées. Les variables ont été comparées selon le sexe à l’aide du test T de Student. Résultats : Nous avons colligé 79 patients âgés en moyenne de 56 ans. La prédominance féminine était nette (sex ratio = 0,55). Les femmes étaient à 90,2 % sans emploi tandis que la proportion d’hommes sans emploi s’élevait à 60,7 % (p = 0,004). Les hommes étaient tous fumeurs alors que la majorité des femmes chiquaient le tabac. Chez les sujets masculins, les cancers de la langue étaient les plus fréquents (32,1 %), suivis des cancers du palais et des cancers de la joue. Chez les femmes, les localisations les plus fréquentes étaient les lèvres (37,3 %), la joue et la gencive. Les hommes ont consulté à des stades plus avancés que les femmes. Le carcinome épidermoïde était prédominant dans les deux sexes. Conclusion : Le bas niveau socio-économique joue probablement un rôle important dans cette prédominance féminine

Cranio-cervico-facial injuries due to crocodile bite: a rare observation in Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital (Burkina Faso)

Human aggressions by wild animals are rare but often dramatic. Among the animals that attack humans, the crocodile is singled out by the impressive power of its jaws, which leave very little chance of survival to the victim it manages to grasp. Crocodile bite lesions most often affect the limbs and trunk. Cephalic injuries are exceptional and particularly serious because of the important infectious risks and their usual mortality. The authors report a case of cranio-cervico-facial trauma due to a crocodile bite in a 16-year-old patient with deep soft tissue wounds associated with a fracture of the mandible. Emergency management resulted in a favorable outcome. The report of this case aims to highlight the clinical specificities and the modalities of management of this rare lesion entity in an under medicalized context

Mandibular reconstruction by fibula graft: A report on two cases

Mandibular bone loss represents an acquired bone destruction leading to a permanent continuity solution of the mandible. Mandibular reconstruction with fibular grafting is an effective alternative to restore bone continuity and ensure the aesthetic and functional functions of the patient. Two cases of successful mandibular reconstruction with the fibular graft were presented at the Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHUYO). The first case concerns a 34-year-old female patient who underwent an interrupted mandibular resection for an ossifying fibroma. The second patient was a 38-year-old man with an ameloblastoma of the horizontal branch of the mandible who underwent hemi-mandibulectomy. A splint was placed for both patients. Mandibular reconstruction with a fibular bone graft taken from the left leg was performed in a second stage. The postoperative course was simple. Surgical follow-up noted good integration of the graft into the recipient site. The results obtained were satisfactory for each patient in terms of function (mastication, swallowing, phonation) and aesthetics. A study of the morphological data of the mandible would be of great help in producing a cutting guide that takes into account the realities of our populations

Toxicity and bacterial anti-motility activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) leaves

International audienceAbstract Background Acacia senegal is a plant traditionally used for its various properties, including the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, our team has demonstrated the ability of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves to increase the activity of phenicol antibiotics against multi-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work is to determine the toxicological effects of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the bacterial mobility of Gram-negative bacteria, in order to evaluate the level of safety use of this plant. Methods The cytotoxicity test was performed using the neutral red absorption method. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on NMRI mice and Wistar rats. The behaviour and adverse effects were recorded during the 14 days of the acute study. For the subacute test, biochemical parameters, food and water consumption, and morphological parameters were determined. The anti-motility activities were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Escherichia coli AG100, using specific concentrations of Agar as required by the method. Results HEASG induced inhibition of keratinocytes cell growth with an IC 50 of 1302 ± 60 μg/mL. For the acute toxicity study in mice, the single dose of extract of 2000 mg/kg body weight caused no deaths and no behavioural changes were observed; therefore, the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of HEASG was calculated to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In Wistar rats, no mortality was observed at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day during the 28-day subacute oral toxicity study. The weights of both females and males increased globally over time, regardless of the batch. No statistically significant differences were registered for organ weights and biochemical parameters, except for chloride for biochemical parameters. Water and food consumption did not change significantly. Furthermore, no macroscopic changes in organ appearance were observed. Regarding anti-motility activity, the extract has reduced the swarming motility of PA01 and AG100 significantly at the concentration of 32 μg/mL ( P < 0.001). The extract has reduced the swimming motility ( P < 0.01) of PA01 but not AG100. Conclusions The results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of A. senegal leaves has significant activity against bacterial motility and relatively low toxicity