Optimisation des paramètres d'impression pour l'électronique imprimée sur supports souples.

Printed electronics takes place with the interface between the sectors of graphic industries and that of micro-electronics. The traditional industrial techniques of impression that are the gravure, the flexography and the offset have the great advantage of a higher productivity raised in terms of the produced surface. A stage of fundamental research, on the formulation of specific pigment inks or containing functional polymers, is placed in the middle of the problems. The work of this thesis falls under the context of printed electronic by the optimization of the various parameters intervening in the impression. Thus the rheology and the physico-chemistry of inks represent a capital objective that cannot be dissociated of the characterization step of the supports. Indeed each process of impression has its specificities in terms of inks properties. A good adequacy ink/support is obligatory in order to obtain an impression with the required characteristics. We thus formulated various conducting polymeric inks in particular one containing poly (ethylene dioxythiophene) - poly (styrene sulphonate). A study of the properties of surface and physical characteristics of various papers and plastics was conducted and two media were chosen for our impressions. In addition, an optimization study of the impression parameters was carried out viewing to determine the influence of the impression conditions on the characteristics of the deposits layers, particularly of electric conduction. A state of the art and a bibliography research illustrate the projections of printed electronics, its applications and its challenges.L'électronique imprimée prend place à l'interface entre les secteurs des industries graphiques et celui de la microélectronique. Les techniques d'impression industrielles classiques que sont l'héliogravure, la flexographie et l'offset présentent le grand avantage d'une productivité élevée en terme de surface imprimée. Une étape de recherche sur la formulation d'encres spécifiques pigmentaires ou à base de polymères fonctionnels se place au cœur de cette problématique. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de l'électronique imprimée avec l'optimisation des différents paramètres de transfert intervenant dans l'impression. De même, l'étude de la rhéologie et la physico-chimie des encres est une étape capitale et indissociable de la caractérisation des états de surface des supports. En effet si chaque procédé d'impression possède ses spécificités en termes de propriétés des encres utilisées, une bonne adéquation encre/support est nécessaire afin d'obtenir une impression ayant les caractéristiques recherchées. Nous avons donc formulé différentes encres polymères conductrices en particulier à base de poly thiophène. Une étude des propriétés de surface et des caractéristiques physiques des différents papiers et plastiques a permis de choisir deux supports tests pour nos impressions. Enfin, une optimisation des paramètres d'impression a démontré l'influence des conditions d'impression sur les caractéristiques des dépôts effectués en particulier en terme de conduction électrique. Un état de l'art et une bibliographie font le point sur les avancées de l'électronique imprimée, ses applications et ses enjeux

Optimisation des paramètres d'impression pour l'électronique imprimée sur supports souples

L électronique imprimée prend place à l interface entre les secteurs des industries graphiques et celui de la microélectronique. Les techniques d impression industrielles classiques que sont l héliogravure, la flexographie et l offset présentent le grand avantage d une productivité élevée en terme de surface imprimée. Une étape de recherche sur la formulation d encres spécifiques pigmentaires ou à base de polymères fonctionnels se place au cœur de cette problématique. Ce travail de thèse s inscrit dans le contexte de l électronique imprimée avec l optimisation des différents paramètres de transfert intervenant dans l impression. De même, l étude de la rhéologie et la physico-chimie des encres est une étape capitale et indissociable de la caractérisation des états de surface des supports. En effet si chaque procédé d impression possède ses spécificités en termes de propriétés des encres utilisées, une bonne adéquation encre/support est nécessaire afin d obtenir une impression ayant les caractéristiques recherchées. Nous avons donc formulé différentes encres polymères conductrices en particulier à base de poly thiophène. Une étude des propriétés de surface et des caractéristiques physiques des différents papiers et plastiques a permis de choisir deux supports tests pour nos impressions. Enfin, une optimisation des paramètres d impression a démontré l influence des conditions d impression sur les caractéristiques des dépôts effectués en particulier en terme de conduction électrique. Un état de l art et une bibliographie font le point sur les avancées de l électronique imprimée, ses applications et ses enjeuxPrinted electronics takes place with the interface between the sectors of graphic industries and that of micro-electronics. The traditional industrial techniques of impression that are the gravure, the flexography and the offset have the great advantage of a higher productivity raised in terms of the produced surface. A stage of fundamental research, on the formulation of specific pigment inks or containing functional polymers, is placed in the middle of the problems. The work of this thesis falls under the context of printed electronic by the optimization of the various parameters intervening in the impression. Thus the rheology and the physico-chemistry of inks represent a capital objective that cannot be dissociated of the characterization step of the supports. Indeed each process of impression has its specificities in terms of inks properties. A good adequacy ink/support is obligatory in order to obtain an impression with the required characteristics. We thus formulated various conducting polymeric inks in particular one containing poly (ethylene dioxythiophene) - poly (styrene sulphonate). A study of the properties of surface and physical characteristics of various papers and plastics was conducted and two media were chosen for our impressions. In addition, an optimization study of the impression parameters was carried out viewing to determine the influence of the impression conditions on the characteristics of the deposits layers, particularly of electric conduction. A state of the art and a bibliography research illustrate the projections of printed electronics, its applications and its challengesGRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

USE OF WOOD DERIVATIVES AS DOPING / DISPERSING AGENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF POLYPYRROLE AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS

Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), lignosulfonic acid (LS) sodium salts, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were used as doping/dispersing agents in the chemical polymerization of polypyrrole (Ppy). Conductivity measure-ments performed on dry Ppy pellets showed a sharp increase in conductivity when adding the anionic polymers to the polymerization liquor. For a polyanion/pyrrole weight ratio ranging between 0.1 and 0.6, the highest conductivity was given by PpyCMC (82 S/m) and PpyPSS (80 S/m), followed by PpyLS (6 S/m). On the other hand, for a polyanion/pyrrole ratio higher than 0.6, the conductivity of PpyPSS systems sharply decreased, and for polyanion/pyrrole ratios higher than 1, the highest conductivity was given by PpyCMC (~10 S/m), followed by PpyLS (~7 S/m) and PpyPSS (~5 S/m). Zeta-potential measurements showed that the surface charge of Ppy was strongly affected by the polyanion type and amount. Cationic Ppy particles were obtained in the presence of the two polymers bearing strongly acidic moieties (PSS and LS). Anionic PpyPSS colloids were obtained at the highest PSS/Py ratio, after the degradation of the conducting properties. When using a weakly acidic dopant (CMC), PpyCMC colloids had a negative charge for all of the tested conditions

Brachytherapy for isolated tongue metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma

SummaryIntroductionTongue metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. Treatment is hindered by the proximity of anatomic structures involved in swallowing, speech and mastication. It is, moreover, radioresistant.Case reportWe report a case of inaugural isolated tongue metastasis, where biopsy redirected diagnosis to RCC. To avoid potentially mutilating excision in a metastatic disease of poor prognosis, treatment was local, consisting in interstitial brachytherapy, enabling a high dose (65Gy) to be delivered. Despite initially complete response, recurrence at 10.5months required salvage surgery.Discussion and conclusionBrachytherapy allowed a higher dose to be delivered than with external beam radiation therapy, previously reported for similar cases. This dose, which can usually be expected to ensure local control in 90% of squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, obtained 10months’ response, insufficient to avoid salvage surgery

A Universal Method to Produce Low–Work Function Electrodes for Organic Electronics

A Sturdy Electrode Coating To operate efficiently, organic devices—such as light-emitting diodes—require electrodes that emit or take up electrons at low applied voltages (that is, have low work functions). Often these electrodes are metals, such as calcium, that are not stable in air or water vapor and have to be protected from environmental damage. Zhou et al. (p. 327 ; see the Perspective by Helander ) report that a coating polymer containing aliphatic amine groups can lower the work functions of various types of electrodes by up to 1.7 electron volts and can be used in a variety of devices. </jats:p