Une analyse des écrits sur les impacts du jeu sur l’apprentissage

Cet article présente une synthèse des publications récentes (1998-2005) qui traitent des impacts du jeu, en tant que formule pédagogique, sur l’apprentissage. Constatant une grande variété d’approches, une certaine disparité dans la manière de présenter et d’interpréter les résultats, et souhaitant vérifier si les jeux éducatifs ont un impact réel sur l’apprentissage, les auteurs ont procédé à une recension des écrits sur le sujet à partir d’une grille d’analyse validée. Ces impacts sont détaillés après un résumé des attributs essentiels du jeu, attributs sur lesquels cette recherche a été fondée pour être menée à bien. L’analyse des écrits montre que le jeu a des impacts positifs sur l’apprentissage.This article presents a synthesis of recent (1998-2005) publications on the impact of play, as a pedagogical technique, on learning. While confirming that there are a great number of approaches, a certain disparity in the way of presenting and interpreting results, and hoping to verify if educational games have a real impact on learning, the authors used a validated analysis grid to produce a review of the literature in this area. The authors present a summary of the essential attributes of games, these attributes being used to frame this research, as well as details regarding the impacts noted. The analysis shows that play has positive impacts on learning.Este artículo presenta una síntesis de las publicaciones recientes (1998-2005) que tratan de los impactos del juego, como formula pedagógica, sobre el aprendizaje. Al observar una gran variedad de enfoques, una cierta disparidad en la manera de presentar y de interpretar los resultados, y con el deseo de comprobar si los juegos educativos tienen un real impacto sobre el aprendizaje, los autores procedieron a una recensión de los escritos sobre el tema a partir de una matriz de análisis validada. Estos impactos se detallan a continuación de un resumen de los atributos esenciales del juego, atributos que fundamentaron esta investigación para poder llevarla a cabo. El análisis de los escritos muestra que el juego tiene impactos positivos sobre el aprendizaje

Public telesurveillance service for frail elderly living at home, outcomes and cost evolution: a quasi experimental design with two follow-ups

BACKGROUND: Telesurveillance is a technologically based modality that allows the surveillance of patients in the natural setting, mainly home. It is based on communication technologies to relay information between a patient and a central call center where services are coordinated. Different types of telesurveillance systems have been implemented, some being staffed with non-health professionals and others with health professional, mainly nurses. Up to now, only telesurveillance services staffed with non-health professionals have been shown to be effective and efficient. The objective of this study was to document outcomes and cost evolution of a nurse-staffed telesurveillance system for frail elderly living at home. METHODS: A quasi experimental design over a nine-month period was done. Patients (n = 38) and caregivers (n = 38) were selected by health professionals from two local community health centers. To be eligible, elders had to be over 65, live at home with a permanent physical, slight cognitive or motor disability or both and have a close relative (the caregiver) willing to participate to the study. These disabilities had to hinder the accomplishment of daily life activities deemed essential to continue living at home safely. Three data sources were used: patient files, telesurveillance center's quarterly reports and personal questionnaires (Modified Mini-Mental State, Functional Autonomy Measurement System, Life Event Checklist, SF-12, Life-H, Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology, Caregiver Burden). The telesurveillance technology permitted, among various functionalities, bi-directional communication (speaker-receiver) between the patient and the response center. RESULTS: A total of 957 calls for 38 registered clients over a 6-month period was recorded. Only 48 (5.0%) of the calls were health-related. No change was reported in the elders' quality of life and daily activity abilities. Satisfaction was very high. Caregivers' psychological burden decreased substantially. On a 3 months period, length of hospital stays dropped from 13 to 4 days, and home care services decreased from 18 to 10 visits/client. Total cost of health and social public services used per client dropped by 17% after the first 3 months and by 39% in the second 3 months. CONCLUSION: The ratio of 0.50 calls per client to the call center for health events is three times higher than that reported in the literature. This difference is probably attributable to the fact that nurses rather than non-health professional personnel were available to answer the clients' questions about their health and medications. Cost evolution showed that registering older adults at a telesurveillance center staffed by nurses, upon a health professional recommendation, costs the health care system less and does not have any negative effects on the well-being of the individuals and their families. Telesurveillance for the elderly is effective and efficient

L’École de la médiation, un projet multi-partenarial pour les professionnels de la médiation scientifique

L’École de la médiation – dont les responsables présentent ici la démarche et les différentes étapes de mise en place – a pour principaux objectifs de proposer une offre évolutive de formations adaptée aux besoins, de faire connaître et reconnaître le métier de médiateur et de constituer un réseau de professionnels de la médiation et de la formation à la médiation

A Survey on Security Threats and Countermeasures in IEEE Test Standards

International audienceEditor's note: Test infrastructure has been shown to be a portal for hackers. This article reviews the threats and countermeasures for IEEE test infrastructure standards

An in silico approach combined with in vivo experiments enables the identification of a new protein whose overexpression can compensate for specific respiratory defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The mitochondrial inner membrane contains five large complexes that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Although the structure and the catalytic mechanisms of the respiratory complexes have been progressively established, their biogenesis is far from being fully understood. Very few complex III assembly factors have been identified so far. It is probable that more factors are needed for the assembly of a functional complex, but that the genetic approaches used to date have not been able to identify them. We have developed a systems biology approach to identify new factors controlling complex III biogenesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We collected all the physical protein-protein interactions (PPI) involving the core subunits, the supernumerary subunits and the assembly factors of complex III and used Cytoscape 2.6.3 and its plugins to construct a network. It was then divided into overlapping and highly interconnected sub-graphs with clusterONE. One sub-graph contained the core and the supernumerary subunits of complex III, it also contained some subunits of complex IV and proteins participating in the assembly of complex IV. This sub-graph was then split with another algorithm into two sub-graphs. The subtraction of these two sub-graphs from the previous sub-graph allowed us to identify a protein of unknown function Usb1p/Ylr132p that interacts with the complex III subunits Qcr2p and Cor1p. We then used genetic and cell biology approaches to investigate the function of Usb1p. Preliminary results indicated that Usb1p is an essential protein with a dual localization in the nucleus and in the mitochondria, and that the over-expression of this protein can compensate for defects in the biogenesis of the respiratory complexes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our systems biology approach has highlighted the multiple associations between subunits and assembly factors of complexes III and IV during their biogenesis. In addition, this approach has allowed the identification of a new factor, Usb1p, involved in the biogenesis of respiratory complexes, which could not have been found using classical genetic screens looking for respiratory deficient mutants. Thus, this systems biology approach appears to be a fruitful new way to study the biogenesis of mitochondrial multi-subunit complexes.</p

Medium-term effects of a train derailment on the physical and psychological health of men

In July 2013, the derailment of a train caused the death of 47 people and the destruction of Lac-Mégantic’s downtown area (Canada). Three years after this event, a population survey was conducted among a representative sample of 800 adults, including 282 men. Several significant differences were observed among respondents of a survey based on their level of exposure to this tragedy, including their physical (changes in physical health) and psychological health (post-traumatic stress disorder, mood and anxiety disorders, psychological distress, signs of depression, consultation of social workers and psychologists) as well as their use of prescribed (anxiolytics and antidepressants) and nonprescribed drugs. Such results can be explained by the nature, magnitude, and cause of the event

Niveau de connaissance, de confiance et d'acceptation des patients en ce qui concerne le rôle des résidents dans une clinique universitaire de médecine familiale

Background: Although participation of patients is essential for completing the training of medical residents, little is known about the relationships among patients’ level of knowledge about the role and responsibilities of medical residents, their confidence in residents’ abilities, and their acceptance toward receiving care from residents. The study sought to clarify if and how these three patient-resident relationship components are interrelated. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire distributed in 2016 to a convenience sample of adult patients (≥ 18 years old) visiting a family medicine teaching clinic. Proportions and chi-square statistics were used to describe and compare groups, respectively. Results: Of the 471 patients who answered the questionnaire, only 28% were found to be knowledgeable about the role of family medicine residents. Between 54% and 83% of patients reported being highly confident in the ability of residents to perform five routine tasks. Of the patients surveyed, 69% agreed to see a resident during their next appointments. Patients with a high level of confidence in residents’ abilities were more likely to agree to see a resident during future appointments (p &lt;0.0001). There was no significant association between level of knowledge and either confidence or acceptance. Conclusions: Although the majority of patients had poor knowledge about the role of residents, this was not related to their acceptance of being cared for by residents. A higher level of confidence in residents’ ability to perform certain tasks was associated with greater acceptance toward seeing a resident during future appointments.Contexte : Tandis que la participation des patients est essentielle pour la formation de résidents en médecine, on en sait peu sur le rapport entre le niveau de connaissance qu'ont les patients du rôle et des responsabilités des résidents, leur confiance dans les compétences des résidents et leur acceptation de recevoir des soins de leur part. La présente étude visait à clarifier si et de quelle manière ces trois composantes du rapport patient-résident sont interreliées. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée au moyen d'un questionnaire auto-administré distribué en 2016 à un échantillon de convenance de patients adultes (≥ 18 ans) ayant fréquenté une clinique universitaire de médecine familiale. La proportion et le test du khi carré ont été utilisés respectivement pour décrire et pour comparer les groupes. Résultats : Parmi les 471 patients qui ont répondu au questionnaire, à peine 28 % connaissaient bien le rôle des résidents en médecine familiale. Entre 54 % et 83 % des patients ont déclaré avoir une grande confiance dans la capacité des résidents à effectuer cinq tâches de routine. Parmi les patients interrogés, 69 % ont accepté de voir un résident lors de leurs prochains rendez-vous. Les patients ayant un niveau de confiance élevé dans les capacités des résidents étaient plus susceptibles d'accepter de voir un résident lors de leurs prochains rendez-vous (p &lt;0,0001). Il n'y avait pas d'association significative entre le niveau de connaissance des patients et leur confiance dans les résidents ou leur acceptation d'être traités par ces derniers. Conclusions : Bien que la majorité des patients aient une mauvaise connaissance du rôle des résidents, celle-ci n'a pas d'incidence sur leur acceptation d'être soignés par de résidents. Un niveau de confiance plus élevé dans la capacité des résidents à effectuer certaines tâches était associé à une plus grande acceptation de voir un résident à l'avenir

Post-disaster health status of train derailment victims with posttraumatic growth

In July 2013, a train derailment causing explosions and a fire in downtown Lac-Mégantic (Municipalité Régionale de Comté du Granit, Quebec, Canada) resulted in the death of 47 people and the destruction of many homes and other buildings. This article compares the physical and psychological health of 624 adults from the Granit area exposed to this disaster three years after the tragedy, comparing based on the presence or absence of posttraumatic growth. Women, people with high levels of social support, lower levels of education, and with lower incomes were more likely to show posttraumatic growth. For psychological health, the presence of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the use of antidepressants were positively related to posttraumatic growth. Our study demonstrates that, over time, many people managed to initiate a recovery process and to see benefits from this disaster