836 research outputs found
Interpersonal affect and host country national support of expatriates: An investigation in China
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role played by host country nationals’ (HCNs) collectivism and the interpersonal affect they develop toward expatriate colleagues, in determining the degree to which Chinese HCNs would be willing to offer role information and social support to expatriates from India and the USA. While empirical studies examining HCN willingness to offer role information and social support have begun to emerge in the expatriate literature, only a couple of studies have included interpersonal affect as a key determinant. Given that interpersonal affect is a key determinant of individuals’ reactions to others, but also a complex construct, the findings confirm the need for organizations to examine how this impacts performance and co-worker interactions in the workplace
Spread of hate speech in online social media
The present online social media platform is afflicted with several issues,
with hate speech being on the predominant forefront. The prevalence of online
hate speech has fueled horrific real-world hate-crime such as the mass-genocide
of Rohingya Muslims, communal violence in Colombo and the recent massacre in
the Pittsburgh synagogue. Consequently, It is imperative to understand the
diffusion of such hateful content in an online setting. We conduct the first
study that analyses the flow and dynamics of posts generated by hateful and
non-hateful users on Gab (gab.com) over a massive dataset of 341K users and 21M
posts. Our observations confirms that hateful content diffuse farther, wider
and faster and have a greater outreach than those of non-hateful users. A
deeper inspection into the profiles and network of hateful and non-hateful
users reveals that the former are more influential, popular and cohesive. Thus,
our research explores the interesting facets of diffusion dynamics of hateful
users and broadens our understanding of hate speech in the online world.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, and 4 tabl
Thou shalt not hate: Countering Online Hate Speech
Hate content in social media is ever-increasing. While Facebook, Twitter,
Google have attempted to take several steps to tackle the hateful content, they
have mostly been unsuccessful. Counterspeech is seen as an effective way of
tackling the online hate without any harm to the freedom of speech. Thus, an
alternative strategy for these platforms could be to promote counterspeech as a
defense against hate content. However, in order to have a successful promotion
of such counterspeech, one has to have a deep understanding of its dynamics in
the online world. Lack of carefully curated data largely inhibits such
understanding. In this paper, we create and release the first ever dataset for
counterspeech using comments from YouTube. The data contains 13,924 manually
annotated comments where the labels indicate whether a comment is a
counterspeech or not. This data allows us to perform a rigorous measurement
study characterizing the linguistic structure of counterspeech for the first
time. This analysis results in various interesting insights such as: the
counterspeech comments receive much more likes as compared to the
non-counterspeech comments, for certain communities majority of the
non-counterspeech comments tend to be hate speech, the different types of
counterspeech are not all equally effective and the language choice of users
posting counterspeech is largely different from those posting non-counterspeech
as revealed by a detailed psycholinguistic analysis. Finally, we build a set of
machine learning models that are able to automatically detect counterspeech in
YouTube videos with an F1-score of 0.71. We also build multilabel models that
can detect different types of counterspeech in a comment with an F1-score of
0.60.Comment: Accepted at ICWSM 2019. 12 Pages, 5 Figures, and 7 Tables. The
dataset and models are available here:
https://github.com/binny-mathew/Countering_Hate_Speech_ICWSM201
The Rose-Colored Glasses of Geriatric Fall Patients: Inconsistencies Between Knowledge of Risk Factors for and Actual Causes of Falls
Background: Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury, and most common cause of non-fatal trauma, among older adults. We sought to elicit older patient\u27s perspectives on fall risks for the general population as well as contributions to any personal falls to identify opportunities to improve fall education.
Methods: Ten patients with a history of falls from inpatient trauma and outpatient geriatric services were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed independently by five individuals using triangulation and constant comparison (NVivo11, QSR International) to compare fall risks to fall causes.
Results: All patients reported that either they (9/10 participants) or someone they knew (8/10) had fallen. Despite this, only two personally worried about falling. Patient perceptions of fall risks fell into seven major themes: physiologic decline (8/10); underestimating limitations (7/10); environmental hazards (7/10), lack of awareness/rushing (4/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (3/10); positional transitions (2/10), and improper footwear (1/10). In contrast, the most commonly reported causes of personal falls were lack of awareness/rushing (7/10), environmental hazards (3/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (2/10), improper footwear (2/10), physiologic decline (2/10), underestimating limitations (1/10) and positional transitions (1/10). In general tended to attribute their own falls to their surroundings and were less likely to attribute physical or psychological limitations.
Conclusion: Despite participants identifying falls as a serious problem, they were unlikely to worry about falling themselves. Participants were able to identify common fall risks. However, when speaking about personal experience, they were more likely to blame environmental hazards or rushing, and minimized the role of physiologic decline and personal limitations
Investigation of Sesamol on Myeloperoxidase and Colon Morphology in Acetic Acid-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disorder in Albino Rats
Background. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract of immune, genetic, and environmental origin. In the present study, we examined the effects of sesamol (SES), which is the active constituent of sesame oil in the acetic acid (AA) induced model for IBD in rats. Methods. The groups were divided into normal control, AA control, SES, and sulfasalazine (SS). On day 7, the rats were killed, colon was removed, and the macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed. Results. The levels of MPO, TBARS, and tissue nitrite increased significantly (P<0.05) in the AA group whereas they reduced significantly in the SES and SS treated groups. Serum nitrite levels were found to be insignificant between the different groups. Conclusions. The mucosal protective effects of sesamol in IBD are due to its potential to reduce the myeloperoxidase and nitrite content
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