Applying the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy to Four Multicomponent Childhood Obesity Interventions

Applying the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy has the potential to facilitate identification of effective childhood obesity intervention components. This article evaluates the feasibility of coding Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Consortium interventions and compares reliability between external taxonomy-familiar coders and internal intervention-familiar coders. After training, coder pairs independently coded prespecified portions of intervention materials. An adjudication process was used to explore coding discrepancies. Reliability between internal and external coders was moderate (prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa.38 to.55). Reliability for specific target behaviors varied with substantial agreement for physical activity (.63 to.76) and moderate for dietary intake (.44 to.63). Applying the taxonomy to these interventions was feasible, but agreement was modest. Coding discrepancies highlight the importance of refining coding to capture the complexities of childhood obesity interventions, which often engage multiple recipients (e.g., parents and/or children) and address multiple behaviors (e.g., diet, physical activity, screen time)

The current state of the use of large wood in river restoration and management

Trees fall naturally into rivers generating flow heterogeneity, inducing geomorphological features, and creating habitats for biota. Wood is increasingly used in restoration projects and the potential of wood acting as leaky barriers to deliver natural flood management by “slowing the flow” is recognised. However, wood in rivers can pose a risk to infrastructure and locally increase flood hazards. The aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date summary of the benefits and risks associated with using wood to promote geomorphological processes to restore and manage rivers. This summary was developed through a workshop that brought together academics, river managers, restoration practitioners and consultants in the UK to share science and best-practice on wood in rivers. A consensus was developed on four key issues: (i) hydro-geomorphological effects, (ii) current use in restoration and management, (iii) uncertainties and risks, and (iv) tools and guidance required to inform process-based restoration and management

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

A single centre experience of mastocytosis: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Although both MRD and karyotype are powerful determinants of outcome in childhood ALL, few studies have examined the kinetics of MRD clearance by cytogenetics. In ALL2003, patients are stratified by NCI criteria to a three or four drug induction. MRD is assessed at day 29 and week 11 using a standardised and quality controlled RQPCR of 21patient specific immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor rearrangements. MRD risk groups were defined as: (1) High risk MRD410-4 at day 29 (HR); (2) Low risk MRD negative or o10-4 at day 29 and negative at week 11 (LR); or (3) MRD indeterminate risk. Among 1000 patients entered into the trial, 98% were eligible for these analyses, 94% had a successful cytogenetics and 57% were assigned to a clinically relevant MRD groups. Among these latter 555 patients, 54% were MRD-HR whereas 45% were MRD-LR. Collectively, patients with high-risk cytogenetics ‘t(9;22), o40 chromosomes, 11q23/MLL, t(17;19) and iAMP21’ were more likely to be MRDHR ‘83% vs 52%, P50.003’. Patients with ETV6-RUNX1 fusion were less likely to be MRD-HR ‘28% vs 63%, Po0.001’ whereas high hyperdiploid patients were more likely ‘64% vs 49%, P50.002’. However, excluding ETV6-RUNX1 patients from the latter analysis revealed that high hyperdiploid patients were as likely to be MRDHR as other ETV6-RUNX1 negative patients. T-ALL patients were also more likely to be MRD-HR compared to BCP-ALL patients ‘70% vs 52%, P50.022’. In particular, 9/10 patients with t(5;14)/TLX3- BCL11B fusion and 6/6 patients with SIL-TAL1 fusion were MRD-HR. In conclusion, we have clearly demonstrated that MRD status varies by cytogenetic subgroup with ETV6-RUNX1 patients having the fastest MRD clearance rate. Despite the good prognosis associated with high hyperdiploidy, these patients were as likely to be MRD-HR as other standard risk patients. Longer follow-up is required to determine the clinical significance of this finding

Zombies and IR: a critical reading

The zombie genre is quickly becoming a feature of International Relations (IR) classrooms and pedagogical toolkits as scholars enthusiastically embrace the undead as a vehicle for teaching the discipline. This article offers a cautionary note on a generally positive move to embrace the use of zombieism in IR. It shows how an uncritical use of a zombie apocalypse as a vehicle for teaching IR can reinforce existing divisions in the field, essentialise country positions, crowd out heterodox approaches, reinforce gender stereotypes and dehumanise people. To guard against these problems, the article shows how Zombie IR can be better used to think critically and normatively about world politics