212 research outputs found
Effect of elevated blood pressure on quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease
Although hypertension is known to have an adverse impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults, little is known about the effects of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications on HRQoL in hypertensive children with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
The Type Ic Supernova 1994I in M51: Detection of Helium and Spectral Evolution
We present a series of spectra of SN 1994I in M51, starting 1 week prior to maximum brightness. The nebular phase began about 2 months after the explosion; together with the rapid decline of the optical light, this suggests that the ejected mass was small. Although lines of He I in the optical region are weak or absent, consistent with the Type Ic classification, we detect strong He I λ10830 absorption during the first month past maximum. Thus, if SN 1994I is a typical Type Ic supernova, the atmospheres of these objects cannot be completely devoid of helium. The emission-line widths are smaller than predicted by the model of Nomoto and coworkers, in which the iron core of a low-mass carbon-oxygen star collapses. They are, however, larger than in Type Ib supernovae
Association of blood pressure variability and neurocognition in children with chronic kidney disease
Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension have increased blood pressure variability (BPV). Increased BPV has been associated with lower neurocognitive test scores in adults. Children with CKD are at risk for decreased neurocognitive function. Our objective was to determine if children with CKD and increased BPV had worse performance on neurocognitive testing compared with children with CKD and lower BPV
Neurocognitive, Social-Behavioral, and Adaptive Functioning in Preschool Children with Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease
The negative impact of End Stage Kidney Disease on cognitive function in children is well established, but no studies have examined the neurocognitive, social-behavioral, and adaptive behavior skills of preschool children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Oral hygiene practices and dental service utilization among pregnant women: An in vitro study
Daily oral hygiene and regular dental visits are important components of oral health care. The authorsâ objective in this study was to examine women's oral hygiene practices and use of dental services during pregnancy
Addition of abiraterone to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): Model to estimate long-term survival, quality-adjusted survival, and cost-effectiveness
Background: Results from randomised trials show adding abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone (AAP) to standard of care (SOC) improves disease-free and overall survival in men with prostate cancer (PC) starting long-term hormone therapy for first time. Formal assessment is required of whether funding AAP here shows appropriate use of resources. This cost-effectiveness decision model tests if giving AAP to these patients is cost-effective using costs from English National Health Service, the largest nation where STAMPEDE recruited. / Methods: Health outcomes and costs were modelled using patient data from AAP comparison of STAMPEDE (recruitment 2011-14). This included 1917 men with high-risk, locally advanced metastatic or recurrent PC starting 1st-line hormone therapy. SOC was hormone therapy for â„2 years with radiotherapy in pre-selected patients. If allocated to research group, AAP (AA 1000mg/day, P 5mg/day) was added to SOC. The model makes lifetime predictions of survival, costs and quality-adjusted lifeyears (QALYs), with costs and QALYs discounted at 3.5% annually. Sensitivity analyses were performed. / Results: The model predicted AAP would extend survival (discounted quality-adjusted survival) by 2.68y (1.46 QALYs) for metastatic patients and 0.30y (0.29 QALYs) for non-metastatic. The cost of AAP means it is not currently cost-effective in this setting, including with Patient Access Scheme costs for AAP and enzalutamide and similar reductions for cabazitaxel and Ra. If AAPâs price reduces after patent expiry as expected (90% reduction on BNF cost), it would be cost-effective in both patient groups, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios below ÂŁ10,000 (US$12,665) per QALY. AAP could also dominate in non-metastatic patients (i.e. lower costs and higher QALYs than SOC alone). / Conclusions: AAP could be cost-effective for patients with non-metastatic and metastatic disease with expected future pricing and may be cost-saving in the former. Policymakers should encourage license submissions and generic price reductions to facilitate use of AAP given cost-saving potential in addition to improving survival. / Clinical trial information: NCT00268476
Optical Spectroscopy of Supernova 1993J During Its First 2500 Days
We present 42 low-resolution spectra of Supernova (SN) 1993J, our complete
collection from the Lick and Keck Observatories, from day 3 after explosion to
day 2454, as well as one Keck high-dispersion spectrum from day 383. SN 1993J
began as an apparent SN II, albeit an unusual one. After a few weeks, a
dramatic transition took place, as prominent helium lines emerged in the
spectrum. SN 1993J had metamorphosed from a SN II to a SN IIb. Nebular spectra
of SN 1993J closely resemble those of SNe Ib and Ic, but with a persistent
H_alpha line. At very late times, the H_alpha emission line dominated the
spectrum, but with an unusual, box-like profile. This is interpreted as an
indication of circumstellar interaction.Comment: 19 pages plus 13 figures, AASTeX V5.0. One external table in AASTeX
V4.0, in landscape format. Accepted for publication in A
The Distance to SN 1999em in NGC 1637 from the Expanding Photosphere Method
We present 30 optical spectra and 49 photometric epochs sampling the first
517 days after discovery of supernova (SN) 1999em, and derive its distance
through the expanding photosphere method (EPM). SN 1999em is shown to be a Type
II-plateau (II-P) event, with a photometric plateau lasting until about 100
days after explosion. We identify the dominant ions responsible for most of the
absorption features seen in the optical portion of the spectrum during the
plateau phase. We find the distance to SN 1999em to be D = 8.2 +/- 0.6 Mpc,
with an explosion date of 5.3 +/- 1.4 days before discovery.
We examine potential sources of systematic error in EPM-derived distances,
and find the most significant to result from uncertainty in the theoretical
modeling of the flux distribution emitted by the SN photosphere (i.e., the
``flux dilution factor''). We compare previously derived EPM distances to 5 SNe
II in galaxies for which a recently revised Cepheid distance exists from the
HST Key Project and find D(Cepheids) / D(EPM) = 0.96 +/- 0.09. Finally, we
investigate the possible use of SNe II-P as standard candles and find that for
8 photometrically confirmed SNe II-P with previously derived EPM distances and
SN 1999em, the mean plateau absolute brightness is M_V(plateau) = -16.4 +/- 0.6
mag, implying that distances good to ~30% (1-sigma) may be possible without the
need for a complete EPM analysis. At M_V(plateau) = -15.9 +/- 0.2 mag, SN
1999em is somewhat fainter than the average SN II-P. The general consistency of
absolute SNe II-P brightness during the plateau suggests that the standard
candle assumption may allow SNe II-P to be viable cosmological beacons at z >
2.Comment: 79 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in the Publications of
the Astronomical Society of the Pacifi
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program I: Observations, Data Reduction, and Spectroscopic Sample of 582 Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
In this first paper in a series we present 1298 low-redshift (z\leq0.2)
optical spectra of 582 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed from 1989 through
2008 as part of the Berkeley SN Ia Program (BSNIP). 584 spectra of 199 SNe Ia
have well-calibrated light curves with measured distance moduli, and many of
the spectra have been corrected for host-galaxy contamination. Most of the data
were obtained using the Kast double spectrograph mounted on the Shane 3 m
telescope at Lick Observatory and have a typical wavelength range of
3300-10,400 Ang., roughly twice as wide as spectra from most previously
published datasets. We present our observing and reduction procedures, and we
describe the resulting SN Database (SNDB), which will be an online, public,
searchable database containing all of our fully reduced spectra and companion
photometry. In addition, we discuss our spectral classification scheme (using
the SuperNova IDentification code, SNID; Blondin & Tonry 2007), utilising our
newly constructed set of SNID spectral templates. These templates allow us to
accurately classify our entire dataset, and by doing so we are able to
reclassify a handful of objects as bona fide SNe Ia and a few other objects as
members of some of the peculiar SN Ia subtypes. In fact, our dataset includes
spectra of nearly 90 spectroscopically peculiar SNe Ia. We also present
spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts of some SNe Ia where these values were
previously unknown. [Abridged]Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, revised version, re-submitted to
MNRAS. Spectra will be released in January 2013. The SN Database homepage
(http://hercules.berkeley.edu/database/index_public.html) contains the full
tables, plots of all spectra, and our new SNID template
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