4 research outputs found

    Fluorinated isoxazolidinyl derivatives of nucleobases

    No full text
    Wydzia艂 ChemiiW niniejszej pracy doktorskiej, jednym z cel贸w badawczych by艂o otrzymanie fluorowanych izoksazolidynowych pochodnych adenozyny, w kt贸rych dodatkowa modyfikacja w postaci podstawienia reszty pseudocukrowej podstawnikiem zawieraj膮cym fluor, odbywa艂a si臋 zgodnie z dwoma odr臋bnymi strategiami syntetycznymi. W pierwszym przypadku wykorzystana zosta艂a fluorowana N-winylowa pochodna adeniny kt贸ra reagowa艂a z odpowiednio N-podstawionym nitronem, z kolei druga strategia polega艂a na wykorzystaniu N-winylo adeniny w roli dipolarofila oraz fluorowanego nitronu. Jako 偶e aktywno艣膰 biologiczna syntetycznych analog贸w nukleozyd贸w cz臋sto uzale偶niona jest od mo偶liwo艣ci ulegania przez owe zwi膮zki procesowi wewn膮trzcz膮steczkowej fosforylacji, w ramach prowadzonych bada艅 syntetycznych postanowiono podj膮膰 pr贸by funkcjonalizacji otrzymanych wcze艣niej izoksazolidynowych pochodnych adeniny. W wyniku realizacji prac badawczych otrzymano r贸wnie偶 szereg izoksazolidynowych pochodnych C5-podstawionych uracyli, wykorzystuj膮c reakcj臋 1,3-dipolarnej cykloaddycji nitron贸w do wi膮zania C5=C6 pier艣cienia sze艣ciocz艂onowego. Analiza NMR otrzymanych zwi膮zk贸w wskazuje na wyst臋powanie zjawiska zahamowanej inwersji konfiguracji atomu azotu pier艣cienia izoksazolidyny, kt贸re zbadane by艂o z wykorzystaniem metod spektroskopowych oraz oblicze艅 teoretycznych.First research goal of herein doctoral project was to synthesize new trifluoromethyl-substituted isoxazolidynyl derivatives of nucleobases in which trifluoromethyl group was introduced to the target structure thru two separate synthetic strategies. In first approach N-fluorovinyl derivatives of adenine react with N-alkilomethylenenitrones and in second approach N-vinylnucleobases react with prochiral N-alkyltrifluorometylnitrones. Due to biological activity is often dependent of the intramolecular phosphorylation ability of the nucleoside analogue, further investigations on the synthesis of fluorinated derivatives, possessing also hydroxymethyl or phosphonate groups in the isoxazolidynyl moiety were taken. As a result of further research work on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to fluorinated N-vinyl pyrimidine nucleobases, a series of new fused isoxazolidines were additionally prepared from reactions between 1,3-dimethyluracil derivatives with N-alkylmethylenenitrones. NMR analysis of obtained compounds indicates the slow nitrogen inversion process, which was study in both low temperature NMR and the theoretical calculations

    Fluorinated isoxazolidinyl derivatives of nucleobases

    No full text
    Wydzia艂 ChemiiW niniejszej pracy doktorskiej, jednym z cel贸w badawczych by艂o otrzymanie fluorowanych izoksazolidynowych pochodnych adenozyny, w kt贸rych dodatkowa modyfikacja w postaci podstawienia reszty pseudocukrowej podstawnikiem zawieraj膮cym fluor, odbywa艂a si臋 zgodnie z dwoma odr臋bnymi strategiami syntetycznymi. W pierwszym przypadku wykorzystana zosta艂a fluorowana N-winylowa pochodna adeniny kt贸ra reagowa艂a z odpowiednio N-podstawionym nitronem, z kolei druga strategia polega艂a na wykorzystaniu N-winylo adeniny w roli dipolarofila oraz fluorowanego nitronu. Jako 偶e aktywno艣膰 biologiczna syntetycznych analog贸w nukleozyd贸w cz臋sto uzale偶niona jest od mo偶liwo艣ci ulegania przez owe zwi膮zki procesowi wewn膮trzcz膮steczkowej fosforylacji, w ramach prowadzonych bada艅 syntetycznych postanowiono podj膮膰 pr贸by funkcjonalizacji otrzymanych wcze艣niej izoksazolidynowych pochodnych adeniny. W wyniku realizacji prac badawczych otrzymano r贸wnie偶 szereg izoksazolidynowych pochodnych C5-podstawionych uracyli, wykorzystuj膮c reakcj臋 1,3-dipolarnej cykloaddycji nitron贸w do wi膮zania C5=C6 pier艣cienia sze艣ciocz艂onowego. Analiza NMR otrzymanych zwi膮zk贸w wskazuje na wyst臋powanie zjawiska zahamowanej inwersji konfiguracji atomu azotu pier艣cienia izoksazolidyny, kt贸re zbadane by艂o z wykorzystaniem metod spektroskopowych oraz oblicze艅 teoretycznych.First research goal of herein doctoral project was to synthesize new trifluoromethyl-substituted isoxazolidynyl derivatives of nucleobases in which trifluoromethyl group was introduced to the target structure thru two separate synthetic strategies. In first approach N-fluorovinyl derivatives of adenine react with N-alkilomethylenenitrones and in second approach N-vinylnucleobases react with prochiral N-alkyltrifluorometylnitrones. Due to biological activity is often dependent of the intramolecular phosphorylation ability of the nucleoside analogue, further investigations on the synthesis of fluorinated derivatives, possessing also hydroxymethyl or phosphonate groups in the isoxazolidynyl moiety were taken. As a result of further research work on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to fluorinated N-vinyl pyrimidine nucleobases, a series of new fused isoxazolidines were additionally prepared from reactions between 1,3-dimethyluracil derivatives with N-alkylmethylenenitrones. NMR analysis of obtained compounds indicates the slow nitrogen inversion process, which was study in both low temperature NMR and the theoretical calculations

    Development of Composite, Reinforced, Highly Drug-Loaded Pharmaceutical Printlets Manufactured by Selective Laser Sintering—In Search of Relevant Excipients for Pharmaceutical 3D Printing

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    3D printing by selective laser sintering (SLS) of high-dose drug delivery systems using pure brittle crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is possible but impractical. Currently used pharmaceutical grade excipients, including polymers, are primarily designed for powder compression, ensuring good mechanical properties. Using these excipients for SLS usually leads to poor mechanical properties of printed tablets (printlets). Composite printlets consisting of sintered carbon-stained polyamide (PA12) and metronidazole (Met) were manufactured by SLS to overcome the issue. The printlets were characterized using DSC and IR spectroscopy together with an assessment of mechanical properties. Functional properties of the printlets, i.e., drug release in USP3 and USP4 apparatus together with flotation assessment, were evaluated. The printlets contained 80 to 90% of Met (therapeutic dose ca. 600 mg), had hardness above 40 N (comparable with compressed tablets) and were of good quality with internal porous structure, which assured flotation. The thermal stability of the composite material and the identity of its constituents were confirmed. Elastic PA12 mesh maintained the shape and structure of the printlets during drug dissolution and flotation. Laser speed and the addition of an osmotic agent in low content influenced drug release virtually not changing composition of the printlet; time to release 80% of Met varied from 0.5 to 5 h. Composite printlets consisting of elastic insoluble PA12 mesh filled with high content of crystalline Met were manufactured by 3D SLS printing. Dissolution modification by the addition of an osmotic agent was demonstrated. The study shows the need to define the requirements for excipients dedicated to 3D printing and to search for appropriate materials for this purpose
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