Correlation between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and Eichner classification

Introduction: The Dental Prosthetics Department's most common patients are elderly who have lost their teeth. Dental deficiencies not only impair the functions of the stomatognathic system but can also be the cause of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Deficiencies in the lateral sections lead to a decrease in the occlusion height in patients, which negatively affects the aesthetics of the face by shortening the lower floor and overloading the remaining teeth, eventually leading to their pathological wear. Loss of occlusion height changes the spatial arrangement of the lower jaw to the upper jaw, which can lead to changes in the temporomandibular joint. The loss of a tooth or group of teeth is an indication for proper prosthetic treatment. The dentist should be able to take into account, evaluate and, if necessary, cure TMD, but this is not a common skill among dentists. Such treatment requires an appropriate comprehensive approach. There are currently no standards for such treatment. We presented one of the methods as part of our study.Purpose of work:The aim of the study was to check the correlation between the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders and missing teeth and used prosthetic restorations. Material and methods:Medical history records of 58 patients under the care of the Department of Dental Prosthetics at Medical University of Lublin were analyzed. Factors such as age and gender, occlusion height, distribution of missing teeth according to the Eichner classification and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders, i.e. crackling, pain, limited and excessive abduction of the jaw were checked. Before starting prosthetic treatment, every patient underwent comprehensive conservative, surgical and periodontics treatment in accordance with existing needs. Results:The study group consisted of 38 women and 20 men. The average age of all patients was 69.6 years; - average for men - 70.45 years, women 68.16 years. The oldest patient was an 88-year-old man, and the youngest was a 43-year-old woman. 31% of patients were toothless. 25.9% of patients had pain within the stomatognathic system, of which 86.7% were women and 13.3% men. Relaxation splint was made in 24.1% of patients.Summary:The study showed that the ailments associated with the stomatognathic system are correlated with a reduction in occlusion height. Larger dental deficits are more common in older people. Pain symptoms are the most common cause of making relaxation splints. Women more often than men complain of pain. The correct treatment scheme for patients with missing teeth and long-term loss of support zones is staggered treatment - two-stage. The first stage of treatment is to restore the correct occlusion height by using the occlusal splint. Then, after the adaptation period, there is a transition to the second stage of treatment - the use of proper prosthetic restoration maintaining the correct height of occlusio

Electrocardiographic diagnosis of the left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with left bundle branch block: Is it necessary to verify old criteria?

Background: The diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the presence of the left bundle branch block (LBBB) is difficult. In our study we compared commonly used ECG criteria with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) calculated during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) to verify their clinical value or the need to recalibrate. Methods: CMRI and ECG data of 36 patients were included in this study. Based on the ECG measures we used in our study selected ECG criteria for LVH detection in cases with LBBB: QRS duration, amplitude of S waves in V1, V2, V3; R waves in aVL, V5, V6 and combinations of amplitudes. LVH was defined as LVMI (CMRI) exceeding reference values. Results: LVH was diagnosed in 17 (47%) patients (6 women and 11 men). Following ECG parameters correlated the most prominently with LVMI — RV5: r = 0.5 (p = 0.002), RV6: r = 0.61 (p = 0.0001), SV1+RV5, 6: r = 0.64 (p = 0.001), RaVL+SV3: r = 0.5 (p = 0.002), SV2+RV5, 6: r = 0.71 (p = 0.0001), SV2, 3+RV5, 6: r = 0.75 (p = 0.0001). Based on the results of ROC analysis we proposed new cut points for LVH parameters. The highest diagnostic accuracy achieved S2+SV3 > 6 mV, SV2,V3+RV5,V6 > 4 mV, RaVL+SV3 > 3.5 mV (86–89%). Conclusions: In patients with LBBB the ECG parameters based on the amplitude of S wave in V2 or V3 and R wave in the leads aVL, V5, V6 have the highest clinical value in the prediction of the LVH determined by CMRI. It was necessary to recalibrate these parameters and it is needed to verify them in larger number of LBBB patients

Diabetes in dental practice - review of literature

Introduction: Diabetes belongs to the group of metabolic disorders and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from abnormal secretion of insulin and / or tissue resistance to its action. The association of elevated glycemia with periodontal disease and oral cavity is clear and proven in many scientific publications. Purpose of work: The aim of the study was to characterize the oral cavity of a patient with diabetes, its diagnosis and treatment based on a review of English-language literature from 2014-2018, and an attempt to answer some questions and problems raised by practicing physicians who want to effectively help those who report to them patients with the above disease. Material and methods: The PubMed database was analyzed using the keywords: "diabetes", "diabetes periodontitis", "diabetes oral health", "diabetes dental treatment". 23 English-language works were qualified for the review. Results: the patient with diabetes should be made aware by the dentist, understand the impact of his disease on the body, especially the tissues of the parodontium and the oral mucosa, regularly report on the check-up visit Summary: The dentist is the first to see signs of failure to diagnose chronic hyperglycaemia. He should be vigilant, because such persons are patients at high risk of complications after dental treatment. The basis for maintaining oral health is, above all, the permanent maintenance of impeccable, basic oral hygiene

Brightening of dark excitons in 2D perovskites

Optically inactive dark exciton states play an important role in light emission processes in semiconductors because they provide an efficient nonradiative recombination channel. Understanding the exciton fine structure in materials with potential applications in light-emitting devices is therefore critical. Here, we investigate the exciton fine structure in the family of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites (PEA)(2)SnI(4), (PEA)(2)PbI(4), and (PEA)(2)PbBr(4). In-plane magnetic field mixes the bright and dark exciton states, brightening the otherwise optically inactive dark exciton. The bright-dark splitting increases with increasing exciton binding energy. Hot photoluminescence is observed, indicative of a non-Boltzmann distribution of the bright-dark exciton populations. We attribute this to the phonon bottleneck, which results from the weak exciton–acoustic phonon coupling in soft 2D perovskites. Hot photoluminescence is responsible for the strong emission observed in these materials, despite the substantial bright-dark exciton splitting

Nonradiative Energy Transfer and Selective Charge Transfer in a WS₂/(PEA)₂PbI₄Heterostructure

van der Waals heterostructures are currently the focus of intense investigation; this is essentially due to the unprecedented flexibility offered by the total relaxation of lattice matching requirements and their new and exotic properties compared to the individual layers. Here, we investigate the hybrid transition-metal dichalcogenide/2D perovskite heterostructure WS2/(PEA)2PbI4 (where PEA stands for phenylethylammonium). We present the first density functional theory (DFT) calculations of a heterostructure ensemble, which reveal a novel band alignment, where direct electron transfer is blocked by the organic spacer of the 2D perovskite. In contrast, the valence band forms a cascade from WS2 through the PEA to the PbI4 layer allowing hole transfer. These predictions are supported by optical spectroscopy studies, which provide compelling evidence for both charge transfer and nonradiative transfer of the excitation (energy transfer) between the layers. Our results show that TMD/2D perovskite (where TMD stands for transition-metal dichalcogenides) heterostructures provide a flexible and convenient way to engineer the band alignment

Recovery of chemical energy from retentates from cascade membrane filtration of hydrothermal carbonisation effluent

Organic fraction of municipal solid waste is a type of biomass that is attractive due to its marginal cost and suitability for biogas production. The residual product of organic waste digestion is digestate, the high moisture content of which is a problem, even after mechanical dewatering, due to the significant heat requirement for drying. Hydrothermal carbonisation is a process that can potentially offer great benefits by improved mechanical dewatering and valorisation of the digestate into a better-quality solid fuel. However, such valorisation produces liquid by-product effluent rich in organic compounds. Membrane separation could be used to treat such effluent and increase the concentration of the organic compounds while at the same time facilitating the recovery of clean water in the permeate. This work presents the results of the investigation performed using polymeric membranes. The study showed that membrane separation keeps a significant fraction of organics in the retentate. Such concentration significantly increases the biomethane potential of such effluent as well as the energy that could be theoretically used for the generation of process heat using the concentrated retentate in the wet oxidation process.Web of Science284art. no. 12852

Hydrothermal Carbonisation as Treatment for Effective Moisture Removal from Digestate—Mechanical Dewatering, Flashing-Off, and Condensates’ Processing

One of the processes that can serve to valorise low-quality biomass and organic waste is hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). It is a thermochemical process that transpires in the presence of water and uses heat to convert wet feedstocks into hydrochar (the solid product of hydrothermal carbonization). In the present experimental study, an improvement consisting of an increased hydrophobic character of HTC-treated biomass is demonstrated through the presentation of enhanced mechanical dewatering at different pressures due to HTC valorisation. As part of this work’s scope, flashing-off of low-quality steam is additionally explored, allowing for the recovery of the physical enthalpy of hot hydrochar slurry. The flashing-off vapours, apart from steam, contain condensable hydrocarbons. Accordingly, a membrane system that purifies such effluent and the subsequent recovery of chemical energy from the retentate are taken into account. Moreover, the biomethane potential is calculated for the condensates, presenting the possibility for the chemical energy recovery of the condensates.Web of Science1613art. no. 510

Twist-angle dependent dehybridization of momentum-indirect excitons in MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructures

The moir\ue9 superlattice has emerged as a powerful way to tune excitonic properties in two-dimensional van der Waals structures. However, the current understanding of the influence of the twist angle for interlayer excitons (IXs) in heterostructures is mainly limited to momentum-direct K-K transitions. In this work, we use a judicious combination of spectroscopy and many-particle theory to investigate the influence of the twist angle on momentum-indirect IXs of a MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructure. Here, the energetically lowest state is a dark and strongly hybridized ΓK exciton. We show that increasing the twist angle from an aligned structure (0∘ or 60∘) gives rise to a large blue shift of the IX, which is a manifestation of the strong dehybridization of this state. Moreover, for small twist angle heterostructures, our photoluminescence measurements reveal contributions from two IX states, which our modelling attributes to transitions from different moir\ue9 minibands. Our finding contributes to a better fundamental understanding of the influence of the moir\ue9 pattern on the hybridization of momentum-dark IX states, which may be important for applications in moir\ue9-tronics including novel quantum technologies

The Autoimmune pituitary inflammation

Autoimmune Hypophysitis (AH) is often refereed in the literature as lymphocytic pituitary inflammation. It is the most common form of rare, chronic inflammation states affecting this gland. In most cases it has autoimmune character. Symptoms of pituitary inflammation are mostly headaches, dysfunction of anterior and/or posterior pituitary lobe and visual disturbances. Diagnostics is extremely difficult and inflammation itself is probably diagnosed too rare. Autoimmune Hypophysitis coexist with other autoimmune endocrinopathies. The golden standard in Autoimmune Hypophysitis diagnosis is biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also used. In relation to rare occurrence of the  Autoimmune Hypophysitis, varied clinical picture and lack of standardized research on large group of patients there are no described standards of conduct with those patients.Autoimmune Hypophysitis (AH) is often refereed in the literature as lymphocytic pituitary inflammation. It is the most common form of rare, chronic inflammation states affecting this gland. In most cases it has autoimmune character. Symptoms of pituitary inflammation are mostly headaches, dysfunction of anterior and/or posterior pituitary lobe and visual disturbances. Diagnostics is extremely difficult and inflammation itself is probably diagnosed too rare. Autoimmune Hypophysitis coexist with other autoimmune endocrinopathies. The golden standard in Autoimmune Hypophysitis diagnosis is biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also used. In relation to rare occurrence of the Autoimmune Hypophysitis, varied clinical picture and lack of standardized research on large group of patients there are no described standards of conduct with those patients

2D metal halide perovskites: a new fascinating playground for exciton fine structure investigations

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites are natural quantum wells which consist of low bandgap metal-halide slabs, surrounded by organic spacers barriers. The quantum and dielectric confinements provided by the organic part lead to the extreme exciton binding energy which results in a huge enhancement of exciton fine structure in this material system. This makes 2D perovskites a fascinating playground for fundamental excitonic physics studies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding and quantification of the exciton fine structure in 2D perovskites. We discuss what is the role of exciton fine structure in the optical response of 2D perovskites and how it challenges our understanding of this fundamental excitation. Finally, we highlight some controversy related to particularly large bright-dark exciton states splitting and high efficiency of light emission from these materials. This can result from the unique synergy of excitonic and mechanical properties of 2D perovskites crystals