How important is the Family? : Alpha nuclear potentials and p-process nucleosynthesis

Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike LicenceIn this work we present the results from the analysis of the experimentally measured angular distributions of the reaction 106Cd(α , α )106 Cd at several different energies around the Coulomb barrier. The difficulties that arise in the study of 106Cd-α -nuclear potential and the so called Family Problem are addressed in this work

Elastic alpha-scattering of 112Sn and 124Sn at astrophysically relevant energies

The cross sections for the elastic scattering reactions {112,124}Sn(a,a){112,124}Sn at energies above and below the Coulomb barrier are presented and compared to predictions for global alpha-nucleus potentials. The high precision of the new data allows a study of the global alpha-nucleus potentials at both the proton and neutron-rich sides of an isotopic chain. In addition, local alpha-nucleus potentials have been extracted for both nuclei, and used to reproduce elastic scattering data at higher energies. Predictions from the capture cross section of the reaction 112Sn(a,g)116Te at astrophysically relevant energies are presented and compared to experimental data.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Concepts of Work: from Traditional Social-Labor Ideas to Modern Effects of Digital Transformation

Objective: technology and digitalization play a converse role in these two fields of study of criminal sciences. On the one hand, they are used by agencies of criminal justice system in order to control, manage and prevent crime and criminals. On the other hand, criminals enjoy technology in carrying out their plans to commit crime. Thus, from the criminal sciences’ perspective, technology may be used or misused, and this is an interesting topic, and at the same time, an important research area for criminologists.Methods: the present article seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical discussion about digitalization of criminology and criminal justice in the light of modern technologies, internet and cyberspace. It introduces new areas and sub-disciplines including administrative criminology based upon actuarial justice and risk management/assessment theory, cyber criminology and cyber victimology, as two sub-disciplines of the new century, and algorithmic or computational criminology, as one of the latest area in criminal sciences, which all are influenced by digitalization and technology.Results: authors concluded that due to the digitalization atypical work emerges but legislator defines the scope of work regulated by law and that makes atypical work relationship becomes a typical work relationship. At the same time some areas fall into the gray zone. To fix that legislator should provide an interpretation that will not become empty in a year or two due to technological changes.Scientific novelty: the applicability of technology and digitalization in criminology and criminal justice has widely increased and developed, specifically since the beginning of the third millennium.Practical significance: digitalization and Technology has become increasingly important to criminology and criminal justice at both the theory and practice within the sphere of social and criminal sciences. The nature and types of crime and criminals, and also the methods and mechanisms of control and preventing them in the light of requirements of criminal policy and criminal justice are highly dependent upon technology and digitalization

Sm-144-alpha optical potential at astrophysically relevant energies derived from Sm-144(alpha,alpha) Sm-144 elastic scattering

For the determination of the Sm-144-alpha optical potential we measured the angular distribution bf Sm-144(alpha, alpha)Sm-144 scattering at the energy E(lab)=20 MeV with high accuracy. Using the known systematics pf alpha-nucleus optical potentials we are able to derive the Sm-144-alpha optical potential at the astrophysically relevant energy E(c.m.)=9.5 MeV with very limited uncertainties.Peer reviewe

Elastic α-scattering on proton rich nuclei at astrophysically relevant energies

In order to improve the reliability of statistical model calculations in the region of heavy proton rich nuclei several elastic alpha scattering experiments have been carried out at low bombarding energies on various even-even and semi-magic nuclei. The extracted local optical potential parameters can be compared with the predictions of global alpha potentials. A study on Sn-112,Sn-124(alpha,alpha)Sn-112,Sn-124 has been made to test the global alpha potentials at both the proton and neutron rich sides of an isotopic chain. The present work describes the experimental challenges of high precision scattering experiments at low energy

Determination of a-nucleus potentials by alpha-elastic scattering and its implications for the gamma-process

Complete angular distributions for the reactions Sn-112,Sn-124(alpha,alpha)(112,124) Sn have been measured at different energies around the Coulomb barrier. Preliminary results for the Sn-112 circle times alpha and Sn-124 circle times alpha potentials at the energy E-c.m. approximate to 19 MeV are presented. The full determination of the a-nucleus potential for both nuclides may also help to understand the behaviour of a-nucleus potentials along an isotopic chain.Peer reviewe

A comprehensive study of the Cd-106(alpha, gamma)Sn-110 reaction at energies relevant to the p-process

In order to test the reliability of reaction rate calculations in the framework of the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model, the cross sections of Cd-106(alpha,gamma)Sn-110 radiative capture reaction were determined in the energy range close to the Gamow window for the astrophysical p-process scenario. In addition, to reduce the errors in the predictions of the statistical model calculations, the relevant optical potential parameters are to be determined from the angular distribution measurement of the Cd-106(alpha, alpha) Cd-106 elastic scattering reaction at low energies.Peer reviewe

Radiative capture reactions and alpha-elastic scattering on Cd-106 for the astrophysical p-process

In the present work both the (alpha,gamma) and (p,gamma) cross sections on the p-nucleus Cd-106 have been measured in the energy range relevant to the astrophysical p-process. The results are compared with the predictions of the statistical model calculations implemented with the NON-SMOKER code using different input parameters. The proton capture cross section has also been measured for Cd-108.The alpha + Cd-106 optical potential, an important input parameter for the Cd-106(alpha,gamma) reaction rate determination, can be determined directly by measuring the deviation from the Rutherford scattering in the Cd-106(alpha,alpha)Cd-106 elastic scattering experiment. This experiment has also been performed in a wide angular range and the results are compared with different global optical potentials

Upregulation of heat shock proteins and the promotion of damage-associated molecular pattern signals in a colorectal cancer model by modulated electrohyperthermia

In modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT) the enrichment of electric field and the concomitant heat can selectively induce cell death in malignant tumors as a result of elevated glycolysis, lactate production (Warburg effect), and reduced electric impedance in cancer compared to normal tissues. Earlier, we showed in HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts that the mEHT-provoked programmed cell death was dominantly caspase independent and driven by apoptosis inducing factor activation. Using this model here, we studied the mEHT-related cell stress 0-, 1-, 4-, 8-, 14-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 120-, 168- and 216-h post-treatment by focusing on damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals. Significant cell death response upon mEHT treatment was accompanied by the early upregulation (4-h post-treatment) of heat shock protein (Hsp70 and Hsp90) mRNA levels. In situ, the treatment resulted in spatiotemporal occurrence of a DAMP protein signal sequence featured by the significant cytoplasmic to cell membrane translocation of calreticulin at 4 h, Hsp70 between 14 and 24 h and Hsp90 between 24- and 216-h post-treatment. The release of high-mobility group box1 protein (HMGB1) from tumor cell nuclei from 24-h post-treatment and its clearance from tumor cells by 48 h was also detected. Our results suggest that mEHT treatment can induce a DAMP-related signal sequence in colorectal cancer xenografts that may be relevant for promoting immunological cell death response, which need to be further tested in immune-competent animals