Two mosses new to the Republic of South Africa and the moss Neckera valentiniana Besch. new to the Kingdom of Lesotho

Three mosses are reported as new to countries in southern Africa: Brothera leana (Sull.) Müll.Hal., Gammiella ceylonensis (Broth. in Herzog) B.C.Tan & W.R.Buck from KwaZulu-Natal and Neckera valentiniana Besch. from Lesotho

INTEGRATED CONTROL OF CEREAL APHIDS/BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS

The cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion a venae (F.) cause spread of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in autumn sown crops over the winter. Control is achieved by correctly timed insecticide applications, commonly synthetic pyrethroids. Polyphagous predators contribute to the natural control of these aphids. A field investigation into the effects of deltamethrin on polyphagous predators,using barriered plots, showed that natural control may be reduced due to the reduction in numbers of predators over the winter. Also, spring populations, which limit the growth of summer populations of aphids, may be reduced as larvae are most affected. The field dispersal of apterous R. padi was simulated in a computer simulation model based on changes in distribution along crop rows, and found to be between 0.6 - 1.3 m day. Analysis of leaves, using ELISA, confirmed spread of virus in the crop, with a maximum in January. A damage code based on symptom expression in the crop was devised, but was of use only as a guide to infection. Dispersal was observed by release of apterous R. padi in the centre of nineteen 1m² experimental plots of wheat. Dispersal showed a step-like relationship with mean daily temperature and an "activity threshold" at 7-9° C. Dispersal rates were much less than those obtained from commercial fields, possibly due to density-dependent mortality. Experiments in controlled environment rooms showed that apterae moved greater distances at temperatures above the "activity threshold", but other factors were involved. Observation of individual R. padi showed that apterae were capable of walking ∅.7m hour at 11°± 2°C. The implications of all the results on improving forecasting and integrated control of cereal aphids and BYDV are discussed.The Agricultural, Development and Advisory Service (Starcross

Honey Bee Foraging Patterns In Rural and Urban Landscapes

Honey bees are an important insect for crop pollination and honey production, regularly traveling 5km from their hive to forage for nectar and pollen. In agricultural landscapes they forage on crops and the herbaceous plants on field margins. Honey bees also forage on flowering trees at the edges of forests and ornamental and weed species in urban environments. Bees recruit more foragers to resource locations using the waggle dance language. Other bees observe the dance and interpret the duration and angle of the waggle run to determine the location of the resource relative to the hive. Apiarists keep bee hives in both rural and urban environments, but which environment would bees prefer to forage in when given the choice? Does their preferred foraging environment change seasonally? To answer these questions, three glass-walled observation hives were placed at a site along the western edge of the Columbus metropolitan area, with residential development to the east and farmland to the west. Land cover was classified and quantified using GIS. Every week in August and September, 2014, morning and afternoon videos were taken to record dance activity. Videos were then analyzed to create maps of foraging locations for each day. Foraging locations will change throughout the summer, and bees will avoid agricultural areas during harvest and other disruptive times. Bees prefer agricultural areas during fall when goldenrod is blooming. Learning more about honey bee foraging preferences will support the conservation of honey bees and other pollinators through the preservation and enhancement of floral resources in both urban and rural landscapes.No embargoAcademic Major: Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlif

Multivariate ordered discrete response models

We introduce multivariate ordered discrete response models with general rectangular structures. From the perspective of behavioral economics, these non-lattice models correspond to broad bracketing in decision making, whereas lattice models, which researchers typically estimate in practice, correspond to narrow bracketing. In these models, we specify latent processes as a sum of an index of covariates and an unobserved error, with unobservables for different latent processes potentially correlated. We provide conditions that are sufficient for identification under the independence of errors and covariates and outline an estimation approach. We present simulations and empirical examples, with a particular focus on probit specifications

Bryophytes of Uganda : 4., new and additional records, 2

20 hepatics and 16 mosses are reported new to Uganda, 1 moss being also new to Africa. A further 6 taxa are recorded for the second time from Uganda

Bryophytes of Uganda : 2., new and interesting records

51 hepatics and 46 mosses are reported new to Uganda, including one moss new to Africa, one hepatic and two mosses new to mainland Africa, and 2 hepatics that are otherwise known only from their type collection

Usefulness of the SF-36 Health Survey in screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental health subscale (MH) and mental component summary (MCS) scores in identifying the presence of probable major depressive or anxiety disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: SF-36 data were collected in 100 hospital outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. MH and MCS scores were compared against depression and anxiety data collected using validated measures as part of routine clinical practice. Sensitivity and specificity of the SF-36 were established using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and area under the curve (AUC) compared the performance of the SF-36 components with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) for depression and the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD7) questionnaire for anxiety. RESULTS: The MH with a threshold of ≤52 had sensitivity and specificity of 81.0 and 71.4 % respectively to detect anxiety, correctly classifying 73.5 % of patients with probable anxiety disorder. A threshold of ≤56 had sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 73.2 % respectively to detect depression, correctly classifying 78.6 % of patients, and the same threshold could also be used to detect either depression or anxiety with a sensitivity of 87.9 %, specificity of 76.9 % and accuracy of 80.6 %. The MCS with a threshold of ≤35 had sensitivity and specificity of 85.7 and 81.9 % respectively to detect anxiety, correctly classifying 82.8 % of patients with probable anxiety disorder. A threshold of ≤40 had sensitivity and specificity of 92.3 and 70.2 % respectively to detect depression, correctly classifying 76.3 % of patients. A threshold of ≤38 could be used to detect either depression or anxiety with a sensitivity of 87.5 %, specificity of 80.3 % and accuracy of 82.8 %. CONCLUSION: This analysis may increase the utility of a widely-used questionnaire. Overall, optimal use of the SF-36 for screening for mental disorder may be through using the MCS with a threshold of ≤38 to identify the presence of either depression or anxiety. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1083-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Green Roof Bike Shelters and the Ohio State Wetlands

Course Code: ENR 2367The green roof bike rack project is a proposal to increase bicycle capacity at the Ohio State Wetlands and then to build a small green roof above the racks. This green roof would then act as a shelter for the bikes and would serve as a boon to the overall aesthetics and beauty of the surrounding area. The project combines the different facets of environmental stewardship, transportation, and necessity of aesthetic appeal. The green roof bike rack can then be implemented in areas other than the wetlands, such as central or west campus.Academic Major: EngineeringAcademic Major: Environment, Economy, Development, and SustainabilityAcademic Major: Environmental ScienceAcademic Major: Forestry, Fisheries, and WildlifeAcademic Major: Mechanical Engineerin