Perbezaan Tanggapan Terhadap Kualiti Perkhidmatan Di Antara Kakitangan Jabatan Hasil Dalam Negeri Dan Pelanggan Di Kawasan Utara

The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in the manner the employee of Inland Revenue Department (IRD) and taxpayers perceived quality and quality service provided by IRD in the Northern Region (Perak, Pulau Pinang, Kedah and Perak). At the same time the study attempted to examine whether the location of the IRD branch offices in these states affect the perception of quality service among both groups of respondents. The SERVQUAL instrumentation was used to measure the perception of quality service. This instrument was based on five dimension; (I) reliability, (ii) Responsiveness, (iii) assurance, (iv) empathy (v) tangibles. Based on SERVQUAL, two set of the questionnaires were developed and used with both group of respondents. The survey questionnaires were aimed to record the perception of the employees and the taxpayers regarding the quality and standard quality. Hundred eight-seven respondents from each group participated in this study. In determining the significant level of difference in the perception of both groups of respondents, six hypotheses were developed and tested. The t-test was used to test the hypotheses. Finally, the findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference in perception of the groups. Further, the study also indicated that the location of branch offices had also affected the perception of the respondents

Universiti, pembangunan modal insan dan penumpuan ruang komuniti berpendidikan tinggi di Malaysia: suatu ulasan kritis.

Modal insan terutamanya yang berpendidikan tinggi telah diakui sebagai komponen penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi kontemporari. Ini adalah berikutan kemajuan pesat teknologi dan peningkatan persaingan akibat globalisasi yang telah membawa perubahan besar kepada pasaran buruh dan peningkatan pesat permintaan terhadap pendidikan tinggi. Kebanyakan teori pertumbuhan ekonomi moden turut mengakui wujudnya hubungan positif di antara modal insan dengan pembangunan ekonomi dan kesediaadaan sumber buruh berpengetahuan dapat menyumbang kepada kelebihan daya saing lokasi. Pelaburan dalam pendidikan tertiari dan perluasan peluang mendapatkan pendidikan tinggi telah menjadi antara polisi utama dalam pembangunan wilayah di kebanyakan negara termasuk Malaysia. Sejarah perkembangan sektor pendidikan tinggi di negara ini telah menunjukkan transformasi yang ketara baik dari segi kuantiti mahupun kualiti. Walaupun demikian, komuniti berpendidikan tinggi tersebut masih mewakili peratusan yang kecil populasi negara dan taburan modal insan ini dari segi geografi masih tidak banyak diketahui. Artikel ini akan membincangkan pola dan trend pendidikan tinggi serta penumpuan ruang komuniti berpendidikan tinggi (tertiari) di Malaysia berdasarkan data statistik yang diperoleh daripada Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi dan Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Data yang diperoleh dalam bentuk statistik tersebut diubahsuai dan ditunjukkan dalam bentuk jadual dan rajah. Selain itu, bagi menunjukkan taburan IPT yang terdapat di Malaysia dengan lebih berkesan, peta Malaysia digunakan dengan melabelkan setiap IPTA dan IPTS utama yang terdapat di negeri berkenaan. Dengan ini, pengelompokan dan taburan IPT di negara ini dapat dilihat dengan lebih jelas dan mudah. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang selari antara kemajuan sesebuah negeri dengan taburan IPT yang terdapat di negeri berkenaan. Selain itu, perbincangan juga akan menyentuh tentang peranan, perkembangan dan cabaran universiti dalam melahirkan komuniti berpendidikan tinggi di negara ini

Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation (CFD) and Experimental Study on Wing-external Store Aerodynamic Interference of a Subsonic Fighter Aircraft

The main objective of the present work is to study the effect of an external store on a subsonic fighter aircraft. Generally most modern fighter aircrafts are designed with an external store installation. In this study, a subsonic fighter aircraft model has been manufactured using a computer numerical control machine for the purpose of studying the effect of the aerodynamic interference of the external store on the flow around the aircraft wing. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was also carried out on the same configuration. Both the CFD and the wind tunnel testing were carried out at a Reynolds number 1.86×105 to ensure that the aerodynamic characteristic can certify that the aircraft will not be face any difficulties in its stability and controllability. Both the experiments and the simulation were carried out at the same Reynolds number in order to verify each other. In the CFD simulation, a commercial CFD code was used to simulate the interference and aerodynamic characteristics of the model. Subsequently, the model together with an external store was tested in a low speed wind tunnel with a test section sized 0.45 m×0.45 m. Measured and computed results for the two-dimensional pressure distribution were satisfactorily comparable. There is only a 19% deviation between pressure distribution measured in wind tunnel testing and the result predicted by the CFD. The result shows that the effect of the external storage is only significant on the lower surface of the wing and almost negligible on the upper surface of the wing. Aerodynamic interference due to the external store was most evident on the lower surface of the wing and almost negligible on the upper surface at a low angle of attack. In addition, the area of influence on the wing surface by the store interference increased as the airspeed increased

Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation (CFD) and Experimental Study on Wing-external Store Aerodynamic Interference

The main objective of the present work is to study the effect of an external store to a subsonic fighter aircraft. Generally most modern fighter aircraft is designed with an external store installation. In this project a subsonic fighter aircraft model has been manufactured using a computer numerical control machine for the purpose of studying the effect of the external store aerodynamic interference on the flow around the aircraft wing. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and wind tunnel testing experiments have been carried out to ensure the aerodynamic characteristic of the model then certified the aircraft will not facing any difficulties in stability and controllability. In the CFD experiment, commercial CFD code is used to simulate the interference and aerodynamic characteristics of the model. Subsequently, the model together with an external store was tested in a low speed wind tunnel with test section sized 0.45 m×0.45 m. Result in the two-dimensional pressure distribution obtained by both experiments are comparable. There is only 12% deviation in pressure distribution found in wind tunnel testing compared to the result predicted by the CFD. The result shows that the effect of the external storage is only significant at the lower surface of the wing and almost negligible at the upper surface of the wing. Aerodynamic interference is due to the external storage were mostly evidence on a lower surface of the wing and almost negligible on the upper surface at low angle of attack. In addition, the area of influence on the wing surface by store interference increased as the airspeed increase.

Experimental and simulation Studies of a Two Seater Light Aircraft

This paper presents the aerodynamic studies carried out on a three-dimensional aircraft model. The test model is a 15% scaled down from a two-seater light aircraft that close to the Malaysian made SME MD3-160 aircraft. The aircraft model is equipped with control surfaces such as flaps, aileron, rudder and elevator and it is designed for pressure measurement testing and direct force measurement using a 6-components balance system. This aircraft model has been tested at two different low speed tunnels, at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia tunnel sized 1.5 x 2.0 meter2 test section, and at Institute Aerodynamic Research, National Research Council of Canada sized 3 x 2 meter2 tunnel. The speed during testing at UTM and IAR/NRC tunnels was up to 70 meter/second, which is corresponds to Reynolds numbers of 1.3 x 106.The longitudinal and lateral directional aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft such as coefficients of pressure, forces (lift, drag, side) and moments (roll, pitch and yaw) have been experimentally measured either using direct force measurement or pressure measurement method. The data reduction methods include the strut support interference factor using dummy image and the blockage correction have been applied in this project. The results showed that for the undeployed flap configuration, the stalling angle of this aircraft is 160 at CLMax = 1.05 measured by UTM - LST, compared to CLMax =1.09 at stalling angle 150 by IAR- NRC. Beside the experimental study, simulation also be performed by using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT Version 5.3. Experimental works at UTM and IAR – NRC tunnel show that the aerodynamic characteristics of this light aircraft are in a good agreement with each other. Simultaneously, the aerodynamic forces obtained from experimental works and CFD simulations have been compared. The results proved that they are agreeable especially at a low angle of attack

An evaluation of the functions of the City Council of George Town Penang 1957-1966

The main idea of writing this academic exercise is to fulfill the requirements as a compulsory paper, Praotioum on local Historioal Problem of Malaysia,for final year history of the Penang City Council until 1966.The second part deals with the disoussion on the objectives of the local goverment,and the aim is to aoquaint the readers with the structure of the local goverment in Malaysia

Iron oxide nanoparticles as radiobiological dose enhancer for radiotherapy

Introduction: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have extensively been investigated as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other promising biomedical application such as targeted drug delivery. The intriguing properties of IONPs not only promising for multimodality diagnostic application but also for therapeutic purpose especially radiotherapy. In this thesis, potential application of IONPs to increase the efficiency of radiotherapy outcome was investigated and explored. Methods: The study is conducted in-vitro using T24 bladder cancer cells, HCT116 human colon carcinoma cell lines and F98 rat glioma cells with 15 nm IONPs. The evaluation on the cytotoxicity was initially conducted to ensure the IONPs biocompatibility to the cells. Investigation on the dose enhancement were done by irradiating the cells with and without 1mMol/L of IONPs using photon, electron, proton and synchrotron’s kilovoltage monoenergetic x-rays beams of different energies and doses. The cell survival curves were obtained using standard clonogenic assay and were analyzed using linear quadratic model. Dose enhancement factor (DEF) were extrapolated at 90% cell survival and calculated from the survival curves.Results and discussions: Cytotoxicity test indicate in vitro biocompatibility of IONPs. IONPs were observed to induce dose enhancement effects in all different types of radiotherapy beam tested except the electron beam. Photon beam of energy 6 MV and 10 MV show dose enhancements of 1.71-2.50 folds in the presence IONPs. Meanwhile, the high LET heavy ion of proton beam indicate higher enhancement factor closed to 2 fold. Synchrotron’s kilovoltage monoenergetic x-rays beam indicates highest doseenhancement effects with DEF value 9.11. However, irradiation with electron beams does not produce any significant dose enhancement effects which could be link to the lack of interaction that induce free radical and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that enhance the cell’s death. Conclusions: The IONPs are found to be effective as dose enhancer for cancer treatment using different types of ionizing radiation and energy ranges except for electron beam therapy. The effects are more pronounced for synchrotron kilovoltage monoenergetic x-rays beam and proton beam suggesting the potential new technique for IONPs clinical application. The outcome from this thesis implying the clinical potential of IONPs in increasing the radiotherapy efficiency to treats cancer. Keywords: iron oxide nanoparticles, dose enhancement, radiotherap

The practices of conflict management styles from different perspectives

Conflict is a form of competing struggle between two parties that possess different and incompatible goals, which commonly involve a win-lose situation. Thomas and Killman suggested that conflict management can be addressed in five styles, namely competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating. These styles have been widely favored and practiced by different cultures and religious orientation. Apparently, the five conflict management styles proposed by Thomas and Killman in 1974 have been adopted in most cultures. Therefore, the aim of this concept paper is to provide a detailed discussion on the practices of different conflict management styles in various cultures and settings. Conflict management styles are inevitably related to culture, religion and orientation. It is also highly dependent on situational and environmental factors. Apparently, conflict management styles may function in phases. Thus, the phases should also be examined as conflict management styles may work in different phases for different types of setting

Squealing occurrence of worn brake pads to foreign particles embedment into the friction layers

The disc brake squeal is a very annoying sound and a source of considerable discomfort that leads to customer dissatisfaction. There are various possible mechanisms that could trigger brake squeal generation either from a structural dynamics or tribological point of view. Unlike drum brake design, the disc brake assembly, particularly the disc and the pads are exposed to any unwanted road particle, wear debris and water spray. Their presence into the disc and pad interfaces may create dynamic and physics phenomena induced by friction surface changes which lead to the brake noise and vibration issues. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate a characterization of the worn surface of squealing brake friction material with the effect of different sizes of foreign particles using laboratory scale brake test rig. The correlation between squeal generation and tribological characteristics of the pad including surface topography, surface roughness, wear, element composition and friction coefficient are established by using squeal index and qualitative analysis. The foreign particles (silica sand and road sand particles) with the sizes of 100-150, 200-300 and 300-400 um are introduced into the brake disc and pad interfaces. The sensitivity of sand particles in producing squeal noise is also examined at different brake pressures, disc temperatures and speeds. The experimental results show that both sand particles have a significant effect on the brake squeal occurrences. The tribological properties reveal that squeal is more affected by smaller sand particle size. The micrometric particles act as punctual contact surfaces generating more wear debris which are accumulated and compacted inducing a reduction of the friction level. However, the biggest particle size damages the pad surface, reduces the real contact surface and decreases the friction coefficient, yet generates more wear lost. It was found that foreign particles play an important role in reducing the squeal level on the pad surface as well as increasing the value of the squeal index number