Pengukuran Nilaipekali Keresapan Terma dan Sifat Dielektrik Getah Asli Terepoksida

Kajian ini terbahagi kepada dua bahagian iaitu pengukuran pekali keresapan terma dan pengukuran pemalar dielektrik bahan getah asli terepoksida. Pengukuran nilai pekali keresapan terma dilakukan dengan kaedah lindapan dan teknik fotoakustik, manakala pemalar dielektrik diukur dengan teknik piawai dengan mengguna Spektrometer Dielektrik. Sampel-sampel getah yang dikaji ialah getah asli (SMRS) dan getah asli terepoksida (ENR25 dan ENR50) dengan kandungan karbon 0, 25, 50 dan 75 peratus yang disediakan dalam bentuk sfera dan kepingan.Pengukuran nilai pekali keresapan terma dengan kaedah lindapan diukur pada suhu 28, 38, 60, 79 dan 100°C manakala pengukuran nilai pekali keresapan terma dengan teknik fotoakustik diukur pada suhu 28°C. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan nilai pekali keresapan terma berkurangan dengan penambahan suhu lindapan tetapi meningkat dengan peratus karbon. Kesan suhu dan karbon terhadap nilai pekali keresapan terma dapat dikaitkan melalui satu bubungan empirik yang terbit daripada hasil ujikaji dalam kajian ini. Pemalar dielektrik pula diukur dalam julat frekuensi 10⁻² ke 10⁶Hz pada suhu 303, 313, 333, 353 dan 373K. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa penyerakan ketelusan dielektrik kompleks terhadap frekuensi meningkat dengan peningkatan suhu dan peratus karbon. Model litar setara bagi penyerakan ketelusan dielektrik kompleks didapati bersetuju dengan data eksperimen yang diperolehi. Kekonduksian arus terus di dalam setiap sampel pada 303, 313, 333, 353 dan 373K diperolehi daripada graf kekonduksian lawan frekuensi apabila frekuensi sarna dengan sifar. Kekonduksian arus terus adalah suatu proses teraktif dan meningkat dengan peningkatan peratus karbon. Pada peratusan karbon 25 - 50%, kekonduksian di dalam setiap jenis sampel berlaku secara perkolasi. Pada julat frekuensi rendah if < 10⁴Hz), setiap jenis sampel dengan kandungan karbon 50 dan 75 peratus, kekonduksian secara perkolasi lebib dominan menyumbang kepada jumlah kekonduksian sementara sampel dengan kandungan karbon 0 dan 25 peratus, pengutuban secara antaramuka dan dwikutub yang lebih menyumbang kepada jumlah kekonduksian. Pada julat frekuensi (10⁴Hz </ < 10⁶Hz), basil yang diperolehi menunjukkan kekonduksian berubah dengan cepat terhadap frekuensi dan tidak bergantung kepada suhu. Penganalisaan kekonduksian ulang alik dilakukan dengan kaedah spektroskopi impedans. Hasil penganalisaan menunjukkan bahawa frekuensi impedans puncak meningkat dengan peningkatan suhu (proses teraktif), dan Z₀ berkurangan dengan peningkatan suhu. Tenaga pengaktifan AC dan DC adalah berbeza dan ini menjelaskan bahawa pembawa dan proses yang berlaku di dalam kedua-dua analisis tidak sama

Ideological factors and Indonesia-Malaysia political relations 1961-1971

This article discusses the ideological factors and their impact upon Indonesia-Malaysia’s political relations during the period 1961-1971. The ideological factors i.e. the democracy-capitalist and communist-socialist, greatly influenced the political relations between the two Southeast Asian countries during the bipolarity era. The ideological factors had a close relationship with the hegemonic powers’ (the United States and the Soviet Union) activities in Malaysia and Indonesia. The nature of political relations between Malaysia and Indonesia was based upon ideological factors. The changes in political relations between Indonesia and Malaysia after 1965 were dominated by the changes of political ideology in Indonesia (i.e. from communist-socialist to democracy-capitalist). Indonesia after 1965 under Suharto’s regime was a pro-capitalist state. The similar political ideology after 1965 between both countries influenced the political relations. The ideological factor was one of the vital factors in analysing Indonesia-Malaysia political relations during the period of 1961-1971

Kuasa hegemoni dan kestabilan ekonomi politik antarabangsa

Artikel ini membincangkan kepentingan Teori Kestabilan Hegemoni dalam memahami pembentukan kestabilan dan ketidakstabilan ekonomi politik antarabangsa. Mengikut teori ini, peranan yang dimainkan oleh sesebuah kuasa hegemoni sangat penting dalam membentuk kestabilan ekonomi dan politik antarabangsa. Tanpa kewujudan sebuah kuasa hegemoni yang betul-betul kuat dalam sistem antarabangsa, maka kestabilan antarabangsa sukar untuk diwujudkan. Data-data sekunder digunakan dalam kajian ini bagi menganalisis peranan yang dimainkan oleh kuasa hegemoni dan kestabilan antarabangsa. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa peranan yang dimainkan oleh sesebuah kuasa hegemoni sangat penting dalam membentuk kestabilan dalam ekonomi politik antarabangsa. Ketidakstabilan politik antarabangsa dan kemelesetan ekonomi dalam dekad-dekad sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua 1939 meletus mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan ketiadaan sebuah kuasa hegemoni yang benar-benar kuat dan berupaya memainkan peranan yang berkesan dalam sistem antarabangsa. Great Britain telah berada dalam keadaan terlalu lemah (dalam tempoh 1919–1939) dan Amerika Syarikat pula enggan (atau belum benar-benar mampu) memainkan peranan sebagai kuasa hegemoni baharu menggantikan Great Britain. Sementara itu, Liga Bangsa-Bangsa tidak berfungsi dengan berkesan dalam tahun-tahun 1930-an kerana tidak wujud sebuah kuasa hegemoni yang benar-benar kuat. Keadaan ekonomi dan politik antarabangsa yang lebih baik dan stabil selepas tahun 1945 banyak dipengaruhi oleh peranan yang dimainkan oleh Amerika Syarikat sebagai kuasa hegemoni baharu. Sesebuah institusi antarabangsa tidak mungkin dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan berjaya mencapai matlamatnya tanpa sokongan kuat daripada sebuah kuasa hegemoni

The Malaysian Federation in 1963 and the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation: An Analysis of the Bipolar International System

This paper discusses the formation of the Federation of Malaysia and the Indonesian objection to it from the perspective of the bipolar international system. The confrontation policy launched by Indonesia in September 1963 ended in April 1967 when Suharto became president. Why did the policy and bilateral relation change after the fall of Sukarno? We assess that the systemic factor strongly influenced the Indonesian policy towards Malaysia. The bilateral relations between the two countries shifted after April 1967 as a result of the changes that took place in Indonesian domestic politics. Western powers, especially the United States, had supported Suharto’s ascension to power, with the purpose of avoiding the formation of a communist state in the region. This paper demonstrates that the systemic structure has strongly influenced the Indonesian policy towards Malaysia. The changes in the domestic politics of Indonesia could be considered a part of the United States’ strategy of blocking communism from spreading in Southeast Asia

Malayan Economic Policy and Socio-Political Development 1948-1963: Domestic and Global Factors.

This paper discusses the Malayan economic development (and its policy) and the socio-political development in the late 1940s until 1963. The situation in Malaya was not stable during that period. Two groups were emerged in Malaya, first pro-British and the second group was pro-communist. The emergency period that was declared by the British in June 1948 because of the unstable situation in Malaya (the conflict between the communist group and British Malayan government/Alliance Government after 1957). The British with cooperation by the Malayan people was successful in managing the conflict. Economic development and socio-political policies were used as strategies in defeating the communist movement in Malaya. The findings in this paper are; the domestic situation in Malaya during the period 1948-1963 was not free from the global political development (i.e, the Cold War that emerged in Europe in late 1940s between the United States and the Soviet Union; the strategy and policies taken by the British/independence pro-British government in Malaya applied and considering the bipolarity struggle (Cold War between Communist and the West) and; Malayan pro-West and anti-communist foreign policy under Tunku Abdul Rahman (first prime minister of Malaya) contributed to the positive development of independence Malaya. Without strong support from the British and Western powers and right foreign policy decision by Tunku Abdul Rahman, it was impossible to achieve a positive level of development and political stability during the period of 1948-1963 (Malaya might be controlled by the communist group and became a communist state like North Vietnam in 1954). Keywords: Malaya, Emergency period, Cold War, pro-British, Communist, economic development, Tunku Abdul Rahman

Malaysia- The Philippines Political Relations 1961-1965: Domestic and Systemic Factors

This paper discusses and analyse the factors responsible to the political relationship between Malaysia and the Philippines during the period 1961-1965. The focus discussion is on the Sabah issue and the formation of Federation of Malaysia in September 1963 and its impact to the Malaysia-Philippines political relations.  Why the relations and conflict between Malaysia and the Philippines was different as compared to the Malaysia-Indonesian relations during the same period? How was this political relationship related and responsible to the domestic, leadership, regional and systemic factors? The position of the Philippines and Malaysia in the international and regional bipolarity political structure is important in understanding the above issue. How significant was the roles played by the United States and the Great Britain in international politics during the Cold War period had influenced the regional political relations between Malaysia and the Philippines. The United States and Great Britain was the great player in the international bipolarity structure and the regional politics after the Second World War. The diplomatic relations of Britain with Malaysia and the Philippines with the United States influenced the type of the political relations. Why did the United States and the Great Britain gave strong support to the formation of Federation of Malaysia in 1963? What was the relationship with the communist containments in Southeast Asia and generally in the Asia Pacific region, the political relations of Indonesia with China and the Soviet Union.  The above characteristic of relationship enables to explain why the relations of Malaysia-Indonesia and Malaysia-the Philippines were different during that period. Power configuration in the bipolarity structure is importance in analysing the political relations between Malaysia and the Philippines.  It is also important to discuss the relationship between leadership, domestic, regional and systemic factors. All of the factors influenced the political relations between Malaysia and the Philippines during the period 1961-1965. Keywords: Domestic factor, systemic factor, hegemonic power, Malaysia-Philippines relations, The United States, Great Britain, bipolarity structure

Ideological Factors and Indonesia-Malaysia Political Relations 1961-1971

This article discusses the ideological factors and their impact upon Indonesia-Malaysia’s political relations during the period 1961-1971.  The ideological factors i.e. the democracy-capitalist and communist-socialist, greatly influenced the political relations between the two Southeast Asian countries during the bipolarity era.  The ideological factors had a close relationship with the hegemonic powers’ (the United States and the Soviet Union) activities in Malaysia and Indonesia.  The nature of political relations between Malaysia and Indonesia was based upon ideological factors. The changes in political relations between Indonesia and Malaysia after 1965 were dominated by the changes of political ideology in Indonesia (i.e. from communist-socialist to democracy-capitalist). Indonesia after 1965 under Suharto’s regime was a pro-capitalist state. The similar political ideology after 1965 between both countries influenced the political relations.  The ideological factor was one of the vital factors in analysing Indonesia-Malaysia political relations during the period of 1961-1971. Keywords: Indonesia, Malaysia, ideological factors, bipolarity, the United States, the Soviet Union.

Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber

Electroless deposition on natural fibers is one of the modification methods in improving the properties of the fibers thus increasing its specific strength, electrical and electromagnetic properties. The utilization of natural fibers in polymer composite can reduce dependency on those synthetic type. In addition, the source of natural fibers are abundant and most importantly renewable and cheap. With proper surface modification, the drawbacks of the natural fibers such as high moisture absorption and poor surface interaction with the matrix is expected to be improved. In this study, kenaf fiber was used, it was firstly undergo alkaline treatment before being activated in deep eutectic solvent (DESs). After heat treatment the surface activated kenaf will be deposited with Ni alloy in a plating bath. The coated kenaf fiber will be finally made into polymer metal composites using epoxy resin as the matrix. The flexural and impact properties has increased with the deposition of Ni. However, the prolonged soaking and higher alkaline concentration damaged the fiber structure and decreased both flexural and hardness value. The scanning electron microscopic was also done to analyze the surface morphology and Ni was observed presence into the composite. The X-ray diffraction analysis in addition, also detected the Ni presence in the crystalline region

Establishing a strategic framework of green procurement for the malaysian construction industry / Mohd Sallehuddin Mat Noor and Fadzil Hassan

Resource depletion has become the main issues in the last decades. The fact that world population increased into 7 billion in the year 2013, natural resources has become a crucial element in creating better quality of life through physical infrastructure development. In order to decrease the emission of carbon up to 20 percent in the year 2020, green procurement is believed to be one of the solution minimize the environmental impact through its nature of procuring service or product which can be controlled from the initiation steps until its demolition. The current problem in Malaysian construction industry is that it is at the junction in determining the growth of this sector. Megatrend in the global scale had influenced it through risk management, sustaining profitability, sustaining corporate social responsibility and growing bureaucracy, green procurement is believed to be the solution to the construction industry to grow steadily thus contributes to the nation’s economic and social growth. Most of the data that will be obtained are primary data, using document analysis, questionnaire and focus group that will be conducted to the respective bodies in construction industries. This research will be detailed up on its elements and the sub elements of the strategic framework within each element. It also will be tested in the real construction industry. Finally, this strategic framework will be validated to be used in the current industry. The anticipated finding is that to fill the knowledge gap by introducing a green procurement strategic framework for the industry restructuring a new type of procurement method

Development of intelligent hybrid learning system using clustering and knowledge-based neural networks for economic forecasting : First phase

The economic forecasting environment is currently undergoing drastic changes and has a complex and challenging task.Practically, people design a database application or use a statistical package to conduct the analysis on the data.Former approach can be done on the online data, but it must be developed after stating the goal of analysis, which means it only possible for a limited and specific purpose.Whereas the statistical approach must be done for the offline data, however it can lead to the missing pattern and undiscovered knowledge from the available data (Shan, C., 1998).For the effort to extract implicit, previously unknown, hidden and potentially useful information from raw data in an automatic fashion, leads us to the usage of data mining technique that receives big attention from the researchers recently.This paper proposed the issues of joint clustering and knowledge-based neural networks techniques as the application for point forecast decision making.Future prediction (e.g., political condition, corporation factors, macro economy factors, and psychological factors of investors) perform an important rule in Stock Exchange, so in our prediction model we will be able to predict results more precisely. We proposed KMeans clustering algorithm that is based on multidimensional scaling, joined with neural knowledge based technique algorithm for supporting the learning module to generate interesting clusters that will generate interesting rules for extracting knowledge from stock exchange databases efficiently and accurately