Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Collagen Networks of Gastric Cancer

The three-dimensional structure of the collagen networks in human gastric carcinoma was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with the cell-maceration method using a low temperature NaOH solution. Based on stromal content, the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma can be divided into the medullary carcinoma area and the scirrhous carcinoma area. In the medullary carcinoma, the collagen sheath around the small tumor cell acinus formed spherical chambers (20-30 μm in diameter) with fenestrations (about 5 μm in diameter) connecting the chambers. The collagen sheath was composed of fine collagen fibrils (about 50 nm in diameter). In the scirrhous area, there was abundant fibrous stroma composed of thicker collagen fibrils (about 100 nm in diameter). Tiny tumor cell nests were sporadically seen in the fibrous stroma. These tumor nests were surrounded by collagen fibrils (about 50 nm in diameter). In the moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, the tumors were surrounded by spherical, ovoid or irregular shaped thick collagen sheaths (50-200 μm in diameter), which were composed of loosely packed 50 nm collagen fibrils. In well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, tumor glands were surrounded by spherical, ovoid or irregularly-shaped thick collagen sheaths (50-200 μm in diameter), composed of densely arranged fine collagen fibrils. In papillary carcinoma, the collagen sheaths were nipple-shaped. They were composed of very densely arranged fine collagen fibrils (about 50 nm in diameter)

Functional Renormalization Group Approach to Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

A nonperturbative approach is developed to analyze superconducting circuits coupled to quantized electromagnetic continuum within the framework of the functional renormalization group. The formalism allows us to determine complete physical pictures of equilibrium properties in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures with high-impedance waveguides, which have recently become accessible in experiments. We point out that nonperturbative effects can trigger breakdown of the supposedly effective descriptions, such as the spin-boson and boundary sine-Gordon models, and lead to qualitatively new phase diagrams. The origin of the failure of conventional understandings is traced to strong renormalizations of circuit parameters at low-energy scales. Our results indicate that a nonperturbative analysis is essential for a comprehensive understanding of cQED platforms consisting of superconducting circuits and long high-impedance transmission lines.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Phaco Time Phaco-Horizontal-Chop Technique for Cataract Surgery with Various Degrees of Lens Hardness Phaco Time Teknik Phaco-Horizontal-Chop Untuk Operasi Katarak Dengan Berbagai Derajat Kekerasan Lensa

The most frequent and accurate cataract surgery had been the phacoemulsification method. Currently, phacoemulsification had been developed using various techniques including divide and conquer phaco chop and supra capsular. This research aims to assess the cataract surgery time or phaco time at various degrees of lens hardness. All cataract patients at the Kharisma Paramedika Hospital, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta Special Region during the period June-December 2021, had cataract surgery using the horizontal chop phacoemulsification technique, by an experienced eye specialist. The machine used the Millennium from Bausch & Lomb. Parameter settings on the machine are as follows: bottle height 100 cm; vacuum 230 mmHg; 25% power; multi burst module. The patient gave topical anesthesia with 0.5% pantocaine, then an incision was made with 2.75 mm keratoma, then trypan blue gave into the anterior chamber of the eye, then sodium hyaluronate was added without rinsing. Then the operator performs an anterior capsulotomy in a way of continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC). The second port incision was made with a 15-degree knife, then hydro dissection was performed. The phaco time value was recorded on the machine at the end of each operation. There were 40 subjects (57%) male and 30 subjects (43%) female. Subjects aged 50-65 years reached 56 subjects (80%) and those aged >65 years were 14 subjects (20%). The average value of phaco time was obtained at 54.83 seconds. As Conclusion, Phacoemulsification cataract surgery with horizontal chop technique at various degrees of resolution density obtained an average phaco time of 54.83 seconds

Effects of high-intensity interval walking training on physical fitness and blood pressure in middle-aged and older people

Reproduced from Mayo Clin Proc., with permission), permission is hereby granted to place a pdf of Nemoto, K et al. Effects of high-intensity interval walking training on physical fitness and blood pressure in middle-aged and older people. Mayo Clin Proc. 82 (7):803-811 into the institutional repository of Shinshu University at https://soar-ir.shinshu-u.ac.jp/ArticleMAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS. 82(7): 803-811 (2007)journal articl

Science-based decision support for formulating crop fertilizer recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa

Open Access Article; Published online: 31 Jan 2020In sub-Saharan Africa, there is considerable spatial and temporal variability in relations between nutrient application and crop yield, due to varying inherent soil nutrients supply, soil moisture, crop management and germplasm. This variability affects fertilizer use efficiency and crop productivity. Therefore, development of decision systems that support formulation and delivery of site-specific fertilizer recommendations is important for increased crop yield and environmental protection. Nutrient Expert (NE) is a computer-based decision support system, which enables extension advisers to generate field- or area-specific fertilizer recommendations based on yield response to fertilizer and nutrient use efficiency. We calibrated NE for major maize agroecological zones in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania, with data generated from 735 on-farm nutrient omission trials conducted between 2015 and 2017. Between 2016 and 2018, 368 NE performance trials were conducted across the three countries in which recommendations generated with NE were evaluated relative to soil-test based recommendations, the current blanket fertilizer recommendations and a control with no fertilizer applied. Although maize yield response to fertilizer differed with geographic location; on average, maize yield response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were respectively 2.4, 1.6 and 0.2 t ha−1 in Nigeria, 2.3, 0.9 and 0.2 t ha−1 in Ethiopia, and 1.5, 0.8 and 0.2 t ha−1 in Tanzania. Secondary and micronutrients increased maize yield only in specific areas in each country. Agronomic use efficiencies of N were 18, 22 and 13 kg grain kg−1 N, on average, in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania, respectively. In Nigeria, NE recommended lower amounts of P by 9 and 11 kg ha−1 and K by 24 and 38 kg ha−1 than soil-test based and regional fertilizer recommendations, respectively. Yet maize yield (4 t ha−1) was similar among the three methods. Agronomic use efficiencies of P and K (300 and 250 kg kg−1, respectively) were higher with NE than with the blanket recommendation (150 and 70 kg kg−1). In Ethiopia, NE and soil-test based respectively recommended lower amounts of P by 8 and 19 kg ha−1 than the blanket recommendations, but maize yield (6 t ha−1) was similar among the three methods. Overall, fertilizer recommendations generated with NE maintained high maize yield, but at a lower fertilizer input cost than conventional methods. NE was effective as a simple and cost-effective decision support tool for fine-tuning fertilizer recommendations to farm-specific conditions and offers an alternative to soil testing, which is hardly available to most smallholder farmers

A Case of Multiple Pilosebaceous Cysts

Multiple pilosebaceous cysts include the entities of steatocystoma multiplex and eruptive vellus hair cysts (EVHCs). Multiple pilosebaceous cysts are proposed to be one entity originating in the pilosebaceous duct, since steatocystoma multiplex and EVHCs are frequently present concomitantly and are caused by a cystic change in the same pilosebaceous duct. Here, we describe a patient with yellowish papules, 3–8 mm in diameter, on the neck and skin-colored or light-brown papules, 1–3 mm in diameter, on the neck, chest and upper abdomen. The smaller cysts were histopathologically diagnosed as EVHCs. The larger cysts had both features of EVHCs and steatocystoma multiplex. Therefore, a diagnosis of these lesions was made as multiple pilosebaceous cysts. Our case supports the proposition that multiple pilosebaceous cysts are a more appropriate diagnosis than the terms of EVHCs and steatocystoma multiplex

Effect of Cisternal Administration of Nicardipine Hydrochloride on Cerebral Vasospasm: A Preliminary Report

In six subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cases due to aneurysmal rupture, effects of cisternal administration of Nicardipine hydrochloride (nicardipine) on vasospasm wer studied. Nicardipine is one of calcium antagonists. All aneurysms were clipped within 48 hr after the onset of SAH with ventricular and cisternal drainages. Subarachnoid clot was removed as much as possible. Nicardipine or mixture of nicardipine and urokinase was administered through cisternal drainage once a day for 10 days postoperatively. The dose of nicardipine was 2 mg or 4 mg, and that of urokinase was 6,000 units or 24,000 units. On the 7th day after the onset of SAH, angiograms were performed before and 30 min after the cisternal administration of nicardipine. Then the diameters of each arteries were compared in order to estimate the vasodilative effects of nicardipine angiographically. In this study nicardipine was considered to have some prophylactic effect on vasospasm because vasospasm was not observed either angiographically or clinically in 2 out of 3 severe SAH cases on CT

Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with External Decompression for Acute Traumatic Intracranial Hematoma: report of two cases

A report is presented on two cases of chronic subdural hematoma which occurred after craniotomy, removal of the hematoma and external decompression for traumatic intracranial hematoma. As for the pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma of these two cases, these chronic subdural hematomas were considered to have originated from the subdural collection of mixed fluid of cerebrospinal fluid and blood caused by tearing of the arachnoid on head injury or craniotomy in the space between the brain and dural plasty. Opening and irrigating the hematoma cavity proved adequate as treatment at cranioplasty