Analysis of radiation effect on the threshold voltage of flash memory device

Flash memory experiences adverse effects due to radiation. These effects can be raised in terms of doping, feature size, supply voltages, layout, shielding. The the operating point shift of the device forced to enter the logically-undefined region and cause upset and data errors under radiation exposure. In this letter, the threshold voltage shift of the floating gate transistor (FGT) is analyzed by a mathematical model

Performance study of Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol(HWMP) for IEEE 802.11s WLAN Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) have been envisioned as an important solution to the next generation wireless networking which can be used in wireless community networks, wireless enterprise networks, transportation systems, home networking and last-mile wireless internet access. Many proprietary mesh solutions were developed by individual vendor but in order to interoperability; IEEE forms a task group called IEEE 802.11s to develop an integrated mesh networking solution. Hybrid Wireless Mesh protocol (HWMP) and airtime metrics as default routing protocol and routing metrics set by the task group. There is few test bed and many simulation studies have been done to evaluate the performance of the HWMP protocol with the assumption of unique type of flow with fixed packet size and packet rate. However, real networks carry a diverse application (video, voice, FTP, Email etc) with different characteristics (packet size, data rate). In this paper, we are investigated and analyzed the performance of HWMP protocol under such heterogeneous application characteristics

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE COASTAL BEND REGION OF TEXAS

Crop Production/Industries,

Multilayer Layer Graphene Nanoribbon Flash Memory: Analysis of Programming and Erasing Operation

Flash memory based on floating gate transistor is the most widely used memory technology in modern microelectronic applications. We recently proposed a new concept of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) and carbon nanotube (CNT) based floating gate transistor design for future nanoscale flash memory technology. In this paper, we analyze the tunneling current mechanism in the proposed graphene-CNT floating gate transistor. We anticipate that the proposed floating gate transistor would adopt Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling during its programming and erase operations. In this paper, we have investigated the mechanism of tunneling current and the factors that would influence this current and the behavior of the proposed floating gate transistor. The analysis reveals that FN tunneling is a strong function of the high field induced by the control gate, and the thicknesses of the control oxide and the tunnel oxide.Comment: in IEEE SOCC, Las Vegas, USA, 201

Manual and Electronic Detection of Subgingival Calculus: Reliability and Accuracy

Calculus consists of mineralised dental biofilm on the surfaces of teeth and dental prosthesis, the location of which can be detected by using a periodontal or an electronic probe. Detection of subgingival calculus is critical for successful treatment outcome in the management of periodontal patients. The aim of this study was to detect subgingival calculus using manual and electronic probe and to compare the reliability and the accuracy of both methods. The study was carried out in vitro on thirty-two extracted teeth with calculus mounted in frasaco model. A total of 192 sites on six surfaces of the teeth bucally and lingually were recorded for the presence of subgingival calculus. Manual probing of calculus depended on tactile sensation and experience; where as electronic probing gave sound and light signal. The results showed that at the depth of 1-3mm, manual probing could detect 62.7% of calculus and electronic probing could detect more at 77.1%. At the deeper sites of 4-6mm, the ability for detection using electronic probing reduced to 14.1% with failure for detection at ≥ 7mm depth. However manual probing recorded more at 25% for 4-6mm calculus and 4.7% at ≥7mm. Manual and electronic probing has different sensitivity in detecting subgingival calculus with electronic probing being more sensitive at shallow sites and failed to detect calculus at deeper sites. It also has difficulty to differentiate between calculus and other roughness on tooth surfaces. These findings highlighted the accuracy and reliability of manual detection for deeper calculus. Redesigning calibration and length of electronic probe can improve its usage. Further study on clinical application to assess the impact of both probing may benefit clinical teaching of subgingival calculus detection and the outcome of periodontal patient’s management

Effect of Ispaghula and Oxyphenonium Bromide on the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Comparative Study

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic continuous or remittent gastrointestinal illness characterized byfrequent unexplained symptoms that include abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel disturbance, in our country, no studyhas been conducted using the Ispaghula husk and oxyphenonium bromide for the treatment of IBS patients. Objectives:To compare the efficacy of treatment with Ispaghula husk and Oxyphenonium bromide. Methods: Total sixty patientsdiagnosed clinically as irritable bowel syndrome irrespective of subtype who fulfilled the Rome II criteria were includedequally into two groups-Group-I (Ispaghula group) & Group-II (Oxyphenonium group). In Group-I patients were given30gm of Ispaghula husk at night daily and in Group-II patients were given 5mg of oxyphenonium bromide. After sixweeks the clinical parameters of both the groups recorded in the case record forms were taken for analysis. Results: Themean age of the patients in the Group- I were 33.4±11.9 yrs and that of the patients in the Group-II were 31.0±17.5 yrs.Male and female ratio in group I was 14:1 and in group II was 23:7. Most of the patients were recorded in the age groupof 26-30 in both groups. Symptom free patients were graded in 16.7% patients in Group-I and in 20% patients in Group-II. No improvement was occurred in 16.7% patients in Group-I and in 10% patients in Group-II. Conclusions: Ispaghulahusk shows the better efficacy to improve the symptoms of IBS like abdominal pain or discomfort and sense of well beingthan Oxyphenonium bromide. Oxephenonium bromide shows the better efficacy to decrease the stool frequency frombase line than Ispaghula husk.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i1.5506BSMMU J 2010; 3(1): 3-

Effect of a 6-month brisk walking program on walking endurance in sedentary and physically deconditioned women aged 60 or older: A randomized trial

International audienceBACKGROUND:Walking endurance is a predictor of healthy ageing.OBJECTIVE:To examine if a 6-month brisk walking program can increase walking endurance in sedentary and physically deconditioned older women.TRIAL DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial.SETTING:Women recruited from public meetings aimed at promoting physical activity in women aged 60 or older.SUBJECTS:121 women aged 65.7 ± 4.3 years, with sedentary lifestyle (Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Elderly score 46%) were those with baseline lowest values of 6MWD (p=0.001) and highest values of body mass index (BMI) (p<0.01).CONCLUSION:Present results support recommendation that brisk walking programs should be encouraged to improve walking endurance in physically deconditioned women aged 60 or older, especially in those with high BMI

Statistics of non-linear stochastic dynamical systems under L\'evy noises by a convolution quadrature approach

This paper describes a novel numerical approach to find the statistics of the non-stationary response of scalar non-linear systems excited by L\'evy white noises. The proposed numerical procedure relies on the introduction of an integral transform of Wiener-Hopf type into the equation governing the characteristic function. Once this equation is rewritten as partial integro-differential equation, it is then solved by applying the method of convolution quadrature originally proposed by Lubich, here extended to deal with this particular integral transform. The proposed approach is relevant for two reasons: 1) Statistics of systems with several different drift terms can be handled in an efficient way, independently from the kind of white noise; 2) The particular form of Wiener-Hopf integral transform and its numerical evaluation, both introduced in this study, are generalizations of fractional integro-differential operators of potential type and Gr\"unwald-Letnikov fractional derivatives, respectively.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure