Quantum simulation of spin ordering with nuclear spins in a solid state lattice

An experiment demonstrating the quantum simulation of a spin-lattice Hamiltonian is proposed. Dipolar interactions between nuclear spins in a solid state lattice can be modulated by rapid radio-frequency pulses. In this way, the effective Hamiltonian of the system can be brought to the form of an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with long range interactions. Using a semiconducting material with strong optical properties such as InP, cooling of nuclear spins could be achieved by means of optical pumping. An additional cooling stage is provided by adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame (ADRF) down to a nuclear spin temperature at which we expect a phase transition from a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase. This phase transition could be observed by probing the magnetic susceptibility of the spin-lattice. Our calculations suggest that employing current optical pumping technology, observation of this phase transition is within experimental reach.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figues; Published versio

Studies in anthraquinones: Preparation of 2-substituted-pyrimido anthraquinones and related fused 1,2,4-triazolo, tetrazolo and pyrazolino derivatives

651-65

Studies in anthraquinone: Synthesis of 3-amino/3-alkyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-a]anthraquinone derivatives

1290-129

Studies in anthraquinones: Preparation of l-aminoanthraquinone-2-carbohydrazide, 1,3,4-oxidiazoles, pyrazoles, pyrimidines and phthalazines

778-78

Efficiency of free energy calculations of spin lattices by spectral quantum algorithms

Quantum algorithms are well-suited to calculate estimates of the energy spectra for spin lattice systems. These algorithms are based on the efficient calculation of the discrete Fourier components of the density of states. The efficiency of these algorithms in calculating the free energy per spin of general spin lattices to bounded error is examined. We find that the number of Fourier components required to bound the error in the free energy due to the broadening of the density of states scales polynomially with the number of spins in the lattice. However, the precision with which the Fourier components must be calculated is found to be an exponential function of the system size.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; corrected typographical and minor mathematical error

Survival from XDR-TB Is Associated with Modifiable Clinical Characteristics in Rural South Africa

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major threat to global public health. Patients with extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), particularly those with HIV-coinfection, experience high and accelerated mortality with limited available interventions. To determine modifiable factors associated with survival, we evaluated XDR-TB patients from a community-based hospital in rural South Africa where a large number of XDR-TB cases were first detected.A retrospective case control study was conducted of XDR-TB patients diagnosed from 2005-2008. Survivors, those alive at 180 days from diagnostic sputum collection date, were compared with controls who died within 180 days. Clinical, laboratory and microbiological correlates of survival were assessed in 69 survivors (median survival 565 days [IQR 384-774] and 73 non-survivors (median survival 34 days [IQR 18-90]). Among 129 HIV+ patients, multivariate analyses of modifiable factors demonstrated that negative AFB smear (AOR 8.4, CI 1.84-38.21), a lower laboratory index of routine laboratory findings (AOR 0.48, CI 0.22-1.02), CD4>200 cells/mm(3) (AOR 11.53, 1.1-119.32), and receipt of antiretroviral therapy (AOR 20.9, CI 1.16-376.83) were independently associated with survival from XDR-TB.Survival from XDR-TB with HIV-coinfection is associated with less advanced stages of both diseases at time of diagnosis, absence of laboratory markers indicative of multiorgan dysfunction, and provision of antiretroviral therapy. Survival can be increased by addressing these modifiable risk factors through policy changes and improved clinical management. Health planners and clinicians should develop programmes focusing on earlier case finding and integration of HIV and drug-resistant TB diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive activities

Mayo Adhesive Probability Score Does Not Have Prognostic Ability in Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Nephrectomy remains standard treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score is predictive of adherent perinephric fat and associated surgical complexity, and is determined by assessing perinephric fat and stranding. MAP has additionally predicted progression-free survival (PFS), though primarily reported in stage T1-T2 RCC. Here, we examine MAP’s ability to predict overall survival (OS) and PFS in T3-T4 RCC. From our prospectively maintained RCC database, patients that underwent radical nephrectomy (2009-2016) with available abdominal imaging (<90 days preop) and T3/T4 RCC underwent MAP scoring. Survival analyses were conducted with MAP scores as individual (0-5) and dichotomized (0-3 vs 4-5) using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models for PFS and OS were built with backward elimination. 141 patients were included. 134 (95%) and 7 (5%) had pT3 and pT4 disease, respectively. 46.1% of patients had an inferior vena cava thrombus. Mean MAP score was 3.22±1.52, with 75 (53%) patients having a score between 0-3 and 66 (47%) having a score of 4-5. Both male gender (p=0.006) and clear cell histology (p=0.012) were associated with increased MAP scores. On Kaplan-Meier and multivariable analysis, no significant associations were identified between MAP and PFS (HR=1.01, 95% CI 0.85-1.20, p=0.93) or OS (HR=1.01, 95% CI 0.84-1.21, p=0.917). In this cohort of patients with locally advanced RCC, high MAP scores were not predictive of worse PFS or OS