How What We See and What We Know Influence Iconic Gesture Production

In face-to-face communication, speakers typically integrate information acquired through different sources, including what they see and what they know, into their communicative messages. In this study, we asked how these different input sources influence the frequency and type of iconic gestures produced by speakers during a communication task, under two degrees of task complexity. Specifically, we investigated whether speakers gestured differently when they had to describe an object presented to them as an image or as a written word (input modality) and, additionally, when they were allowed to explicitly name the object or not (task complexity). Our results show that speakers produced more gestures when they attended to a picture. Further, speakers more often gesturally depicted shape information when attended to an image, and they demonstrated the function of an object more often when they attended to a word. However, when we increased the complexity of the task by forbidding speakers to name the target objects, these patterns disappeared, suggesting that speakers may have strategically adapted their use of iconic strategies to better meet the task’s goals. Our study also revealed (independent) effects of object manipulability on the type of gestures produced by speakers and, in general, it highlighted a predominance of molding and handling gestures. These gestures may reflect stronger motoric and haptic simulations, lending support to activation-based gesture production accounts

Performance de la nouvelle équation CKD-EPI (sans la variable ethnique) en transplantation rénale.

peer reviewe

Estimating GFR in Renal Transplanted Patients With Equations Based on Creatinine (With or Without Race Variable) and/or Cystatin C

peer reviewedAbstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations based on serum creatinine are facing increased criticism due to the inclusion of a race correction in black Americans with the CKD-EPI equation (CKD-EPIASR, A = Age, S = Sex, R = Race). New equations without race (CKD-EPIAS) has been proposed with creatinine and/or cystatin C. These equations were developed mainly from US cohorts with few renal transplanted patients. In the current analysis, we compared these new equations, notably with the new European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation. METHOD In this retrospective analysis, 489 transplanted patients from the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne were included. All subjects were white. GFR was measured with inulin or iohexol clearances. IDMS creatinine and standardized cystatin C results were available. Median bias (eGFR—mGFR), imprecision (interquartile range: IQR), and P30 accuracy (percentage of eGFR-values within ± 30% of mGFR) were calculated. RESULTS Among creatinine-based equations, the bias were 2.3, 5.5 and 2.2 mL/min/1.73 m² for the CKD-EPIASR, CKD-EPIAS and EKFC, respectively. IQRs were 16.1, 16.2 and 15.3 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. P30 were 74.2, 68.3 and 75.3%, respectively. Among cystatin C-based equations, the bias were −3.1 and 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m² for the CKD-EPICC and the EKFCCC, respectively. IQRs were 13.7 and 13.4 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. P30 were 78.5 and 81.4%, respectively. Among equations combining creatinine and CC, the bias were −1.3, 0.5 and 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m² for the CKD-EPIASR-CC, CKD-EPIAS-CC and EKFCcreatCC, respectively. IQRs were 12.7, 12.4 and 12.1 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. P30 were 84.5, 82.6 and 80.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION In our cohort of European transplanted patients, both the EKFCcreat and CKD-EPIASR equations performed better than the new CKD_EPIAS. Compared with creatinine-based equations, the new EKFCCC equation and all combined equations performed better. Cystatin C-based equations have the advantage to be accurate without any race variable

Modélisation du comportement mécanique d’artères carotides communes humaines in vivo

A partir de mesures non invasives cliniques sur des sujets humains, nous proposons un nouveau modèle de comportement mécanique 3D d'artères carotides communes qui tient compte du caractère hyperélastique, composite, actif, précontraint et dynamique du tissu biologique. Le problème aux limites est résolu par une méthode semi-analytique, ce qui permet d’obtenir une évaluation des cinématiques de déformation et des distributions de contraintes pariétales de la structure artérielle in vivo au cours d’un cycle cardiaque

Locoregional treatments for digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: A systematic review

The management of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis is difficult. While the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) guidelines clearly defined the use of systemic therapies for digital ulcers, little is known about the efficacy of locoregional treatments. The aim of this review is to systematically assess the spectrum of published locoregional therapies for digital ulcers. A total of 58 studies were included. Among the different locoregional treatment strategies descri-bed, injections of fat-derived cells and botulinum toxin showed promising results in the reduction of pain and the number of digital ulcers. By contrast, this review found that sympathectomy yielded disappointing re-sults, with low rates of effectiveness and frequent recurrence. For other treatments, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, phototherapy (ultraviolet A), low-level light therapy, intermittent compression, Waon therapy, extracorporeal shockwave, vitamin E gel, and topical dimethyl sulphoxide, the conflicting results or limited published data reflected the low level of evi-dence. Larger randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the validity of promising techniques

Dunnicaer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland : a Roman Iron Age promontory fort beyond the frontier

Acknowledgements Thanks to Dunecht Estate for granting permission to access and investigate Dunnicaer. Duncan Paterson of North-east Mountaineering very ably got the team up on top and ensured our safety at all times. Many thanks to the brave diggers Michael Stratigos, Claire Christie, Vanessa Rees, Rob Lenfert, Oskar Sveinbjarnarson, Grace Woolmer, Anni Tolppanen, John Graham, Victoria Wilson, Katie South, Juudit Gross, Scott White, Gemma Cruickshanks, John Harrison, Sarah Elliot, Jeff Oliver and Juliette Mitchell (and Duncan). Bruce Mann and Caroline Palmer kindly provided scans of aerial photographs of Dunnicaer from the Aberdeenshire SMR records. The project was funded by Don and Elizabeth Cruickshank through the University of Aberdeen Development Trust, by Aberdeenshire Council and through grant funding from the Strathmartine Trust.Peer reviewedPostprin

Indicios de displasia ósea en un neonato: reporte de un caso.

Las displasias óseas son patologías que presentan una alteración del tejido óseo y constituyen la causa más frecuente de retardo de crecimiento. Hasta la actualidad se han descrito aproximadamente 450 tipos de displasias óseas. Documentamos un caso de infante de sexo masculino de 42 días de nacido que presenta rasgos dismórficos compatibles con una displasia ósea. Se realizó el estudio por imágenes para demostrar los signos radiográficos característicos de la enfermedad cuyo resultado demostró acortamiento de las extremidades. La acondroplasia presenta signos típicos como talla baja, abombamiento frontal, mano en tridente y fémur arqueado, en el caso de la hipocondroplasia los hallazgos esqueléticos son similares pero en una presentación menos severa por lo que el diagnóstico es difícil en niños por debajo de los 3 años

Race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate equation in kidney transplant recipients:development and validation study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of a newly developed race-free kidney recipient specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equation with the three current main equations for measuring GFR in kidney transplant recipients.DESIGN: Development and validation study SETTING: 17 cohorts in Europe, the United States, and Australia (14 transplant centres, three clinical trials).PARTICIPANTS: 15 489 adults (3622 in development cohort (Necker, Saint Louis, and Toulouse hospitals, France), 11 867 in multiple external validation cohorts) who received kidney transplants between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2021.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure was GFR, measured according to local practice. Performance of the GFR equations was assessed using P 30 (proportion of estimated GFR (eGFR) within 30% of measured GFR (mGFR)) and correct classification (agreement between eGFR and mGFR according to GFR stages). The race-free equation, based on creatinine level, age, and sex, was developed using additive and multiplicative linear regressions, and its performance was compared with the three current main GFR equations: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2009 equation, and race-free CKD-EPI 2021 equation. RESULTS: The study included 15 489 participants, with 50 464 mGFR and eGFR values. The mean GFR was 53.18 mL/min/1.73m 2 (SD 17.23) in the development cohort and 55.90 mL/min/1.73m 2 (19.69) in the external validation cohorts. Among the current GFR equations, the race-free CKD-EPI 2021 equation showed the lowest performance compared with the MDRD and CKD-EPI 2009 equations. When race was included in the kidney recipient specific GFR equation, performance did not increase. The race-free kidney recipient specific GFR equation showed significantly improved performance compared with the race-free CKD-EPI 2021 equation and performed well in the external validation cohorts (P 30 ranging from 73.0% to 91.3%). The race-free kidney recipient specific GFR equation performed well in several subpopulations of kidney transplant recipients stratified by race (P 30 73.0-91.3%), sex (72.7-91.4%), age (70.3-92.0%), body mass index (64.5-100%), donor type (58.5-92.9%), donor age (68.3-94.3%), treatment (78.5-85.2%), creatinine level (72.8-91.3%), GFR measurement method (73.0-91.3%), and timing of GFR measurement post-transplant (72.9-95.5%). An online application was developed that estimates GFR based on recipient's creatinine level, age, and sex (https://transplant-prediction-system.shinyapps.io/eGFR_equation_KTX/). CONCLUSION: A new race-free kidney recipient specific GFR equation was developed and validated using multiple, large, international cohorts of kidney transplant recipients. The equation showed high accuracy and outperformed the race-free CKD-EPI 2021 equation that was developed in individuals with native kidneys.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05229939.</p