Higher microbial translocation is associated with HCV genotypes 1–4 and cirrhosis.

<p><b>a</b>)<b>-b</b>) sCD14 and LPS were compared between patients with advanced fibrosis (AF) and non advanced fibrosis (N-AF). <b>c</b>)<b>-d</b>) sCD14 and LPS were compared between patients with cirrhosis and absence of cirrhosis (N-Cirrhosis). <b>e</b>)<b>-f</b>) sCD14 and LPS were compared between patients with HCV genotypes 1–4 and genotypes 2–3. Each point represents the value from one subject's plasma. sCD14 and LPS were measured in plasma samples; sCD14 µg/mL, LPS pg/mL. AF = advanced fibrosis – N-AF = non advanced fibrosis. p-values were assessed by Mann Whitney U test. p>0.05 was considered non significant (NS).</p

Baseline demographic and immuno-virological characteristics of study population.

<p><b>LEGEND.</b> Data are presented as *median, (IQR) and °absolute number, (%). Differences between groups were compared by *Mann Whitney U test and °χ2 test. EVR, Early Virological Response: undetectable serum HCV-RNA (<50 IU/mL) or ≥2 log₁₀ reduction from baseline after 12 weeks of therapy; NR, Null Responders: serum HCV-RNA ≥50 IU/mL and <2 log₁₀ reduction from baseline. cART, Combination Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; NNRTI, Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; PI, Protease Inhibitors. MSM, men who have sex with men; WSM, women who have sex with men; IDUs, injection drug users. HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase. BMI, Body Mass Index. HOMA index, Homeostatic Model Assessment index.</p

Association between markers of microbial translocation and Sustained Virological Response to anti-HCV treatment.

<p><b>LEGEND.</b> LPS, soluble CD14, CD4+ T cells/µL, age, HCV-RNA log₁₀ cp/mL for each unit more. sCD14 and LPS were measured in plasma samples; sCD14 µg/mL, LPS pg/mL. Multivariate analysis was performed in 65/98 patients for whom all the clinical, epidemiological and biological parameters under study were available.</p><p>OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. p>0.05 was considered non significant.</p

Association between markers of microbial translocation and Early Virological Response to anti-HCV treatment.

<p><b>LEGEND.</b> LPS, soluble CD14, CD4+ T cells/µL, age, HCV-RNA log₁₀ cp/mL for each unit more. sCD14 and LPS were measured in plasma samples; sCD14 µg/mL, LPS pg/mL. Multivariate analysis was performed in 65/98 patients for whom all the clinical, epidemiological and biological parameters under study were available.</p><p>OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. p>0.05 was considered non significant.</p

Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells according to EVR and SVR.

<p><b>a</b>)<b>-b</b>) Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were compared between patients with early virological response [EVR, i.e. undetectable serum HCV-RNA (<50 IU/mL) or ≥2 log₁₀ reduction from baseline after 12 weeks of therapy], and Null Responders (NR) (i.e. serum HCV-RNA ≥50 IU/mL and <2 log₁₀ reduction from baseline). <b>c</b>)<b>-d</b>) Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were compared between patients with sustained virological response [SVR, i.e. undetectable serum HCV-RNA (<50 IU/mL) 24 weeks after the end of a full course of 48 or 72 weeks of anti-HCV treatment, according to genotype], and N-SVR subjects. Each point represents the value from one subject's plasma. Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells % values are presented. p-values were assessed by Mann Whitney U test. p>0.05 was considered non significant (NS).</p

Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells according to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCV genotypes.

<p><b>a</b>)<b>-b</b>) Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were compared between patients with advanced fibrosis (AF) and non advanced fibrosis (N-AF). <b>c</b>)<b>-d</b>) Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were compared between patients with cirrhosis and absence of cirrhosis (N-Cirrhosis). <b>e</b>)<b>-f</b>) Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were compared between patients with HCV genotypes 1–4 and genotypes 2–3. Each point represents the value from one subject's plasma. Activated HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells % values are presented. AF = advanced fibrosis – N-AF = non advanced fibrosis. p-values were assessed by Mann Whitney U test. p>0.05 was considered non significant (NS).</p

Baseline demographic and immuno-virological characteristics of patients according SVR.

<p><b>LEGEND.</b> Data are presented as *median, (IQR) and °absolute number, (%). Differences between groups were compared by *Mann Whitney U test and °χ2 test. N-SVR, Non Sustained Virological Response: serum HCV-RNA (≥50 IU/mL) 24 weeks after the end of a full course of 48 or 72 weeks of anti-HCV treatment. SVR, Sustained Virological Response: undetectable serum HCV-RNA <50 UI/mL 24 weeks after the end of a full course of 48 or 72 weeks of anti-HCV treatment. NRTI, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; NNRTI, Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; PI, Protease Inhibitors; MSM, men who have sex with men; WSM, women who have sex with men; IDUs, injection drug users; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; BMI, Body Mass Index. HOMA index, Homeostatic Model Assessment index.</p

Duration of DAA according to the presence of ribavirin (RBV), decompensated cirrhosis, genotype and DAA regimen.

<p>Duration of DAA according to the presence of ribavirin (RBV), decompensated cirrhosis, genotype and DAA regimen.</p

Ordinal logistic regression model.

<p>Ordinal logistic regression model.</p

Relative hazard of time to FIB4 progression.

<p>Relative hazard of time to FIB4 progression.</p