The NPR1-dependent salicylic acid signalling pathway is pivotal for enhanced salt and oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

NPR1-dependent salicylic acid signalling controls sodium entry into the roots while preventing potassium loss through depolarization-activated outward-rectifying potassium and ROS-activated non-selective cation channels during salt and oxidative stresse

Quel est l'impact de la différenciation pédagogique, au travers l'aide personnalisée, sur la motivation des élèves en difficulté et plus particulièrement sur leur intérêt et leur sentiment d'efficacité personnelle ?

Étude des interactions entre différenciation pédagogique, motivation et aide personnalisée

Reactive oxygen species production and signalling as a component of salinity tolerance mechanism in cereals

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are highly reactive and toxic by-products of the aerobic metabolism, which are overproduced during period of stress. They disturb the cell machinery and induce oxidative damages on important biological macromolecules. Salinity is one of those major abiotic stresses, which affects considerably the growth rate and limits crop productivity. To enhance salinity stress tolerance and find strategies which would cope with global issues related to the rise of salt-affected lands and global food demand, various investigations have been performed. They did mainly focus on the understanding of physiological traits and ion homeostasis responses. However, oxidative stress is also a key part of the plant response to stress, but is still under-investigated. An efficient oxidative stress tolerance mechanism may induce significant improvement in salinity resistance. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that ROS play a dual role in cells, both as toxic by-products and as key molecules in complex signalling networks: ROS are essential actors which could influence the expression and regulation of various genes to control many processes, including the stress response. In this project, the production of two ROS, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, was investigated in roots from various species and genotypes, respectively by DCF-DA and DHE fluorescence. The study gave a basic framework about ROS kinetics accumulation in roots depending on time of exposure to different salt concentrations. Specificities related to growth conditions, plant age and root tissues were also investigated. It was demonstrated that, compared to wheat and even more to pea, barley has a better ability to handle salinity, thanks to a rapid and transient oxidative burst. The aim of this work was also to link the oxidative stress with salinity stress tolerance, which had been investigated in previous studies. Two main conclusions can be drawn from this project: (i) there is a clear correlation between ROS accumulation and K+ leaking studied in previous experiments; (ii) ROS have a significant implication in the signal transduction network. Knowledge about the main mechanisms involved in oxidative stress tolerance and signalling can give a better background in the development of plants with improved salinity tolerance and find adapted solutions to this growing concern

How the impossible became possible: evolving frames and narratives on responsibility and responsiveness from the Eurocrisis to NextGenerationEU

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Human Fetal Cell Therapy in Huntington's Disease: A Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II Trial

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Human Fetal Cell Therapy in Huntington's Disease: A Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II Trial

International audienceBackground: Huntington s disease is a ' rare, severe, inherited neurodegenerative disease in which we assessed the safety and efficacy of grafting human fetal ganglionic eminence intrastriatally. Methods: Patients at the early stage of the di sease were enrolled in the Multicentric Intracerebral Grafting in Huntington's Disease trial, a delayed-start phase II randomized study. After a run-in period of 12 m onths, patients were randomized at month 12 to either the treatment group (transplanted at month 13-mo nth 14) or the control group and secondarily treated 20 months later (month 33-month 34). The primary outcome was total motor score compared between both groups 20 months postrandomization (month 32). Secondary outcomes i ncluded clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological findings and a comparison of pregraft and p ostgraft total motor score slopes durin g th e entire study period (month 0-month 52) regardless of the time of transplant. Results: Of 54 randomized patients, 45 were transplanted; 26 immediately (treatment) and 19 delayed (control). Mean total motor score at month 32 did not differ between groups (treated controls difference in means adjusted for M12: +2.9 [95% confidence interval, −2.8 to 8.6]; = 0.31). Its rate of decline after transplan-P tation was similar to that before transplantation. A total of 27 severe adverse events were recorded in the randomized patients, 10 of which were related to the transplant procedure. Improvement of procedures during the trial significantly decreased the frequency of surgical events.We found antihuman leucocytes antigen antibodies in 40% of the patients. Conclusion: No clinical benefit was found in this trial. This may have been related to graft rejection. Ectopia and high track number negatively influence the graft outcome. Procedural adjustments substantially improved surgical safety. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00190450

Characteristics and prognosis of bloodstream infection in patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU: an ancillary study of the COVID-ICU study

International audienceBackground Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) have a high incidence of hospital-acquired infections; however, data regarding hospital acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) are scarce. We aimed to investigate risk factors and outcome of BSI in critically ill coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Patients and methods We performed an ancillary analysis of a multicenter prospective international cohort study (COVID-ICU study) that included 4010 COVID-19 ICU patients. For the present analysis, only those with data regarding primary outcome (death within 90 days from admission) or BSI status were included. Risk factors for BSI were analyzed using Fine and Gray competing risk model. Then, for outcome comparison, 537 BSI-patients were matched with 537 controls using propensity score matching. Results Among 4010 included patients, 780 (19.5%) acquired a total of 1066 BSI (10.3 BSI per 1000 patients days at risk) of whom 92% were acquired in the ICU. Higher SAPS II, male gender, longer time from hospital to ICU admission and antiviral drug before admission were independently associated with an increased risk of BSI, and interestingly, this risk decreased over time. BSI was independently associated with a shorter time to death in the overall population (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.56) and, in the propensity score matched data set, patients with BSI had a higher mortality rate (39% vs 33% p = 0.036). BSI accounted for 3.6% of the death of the overall population. Conclusion COVID-19 ICU patients have a high risk of BSI, especially early after ICU admission, risk that increases with severity but not with corticosteroids use. BSI is associated with an increased mortality rate