A Decomposition Algorithm to Solve the Multi-Hop Peer-to-Peer Ride-Matching Problem

In this paper, we mathematically model the multi-hop Peer-to-Peer (P2P) ride-matching problem as a binary program. We formulate this problem as a many-to-many problem in which a rider can travel by transferring between multiple drivers, and a driver can carry multiple riders. We propose a pre-processing procedure to reduce the size of the problem, and devise a decomposition algorithm to solve the original ride-matching problem to optimality by means of solving multiple smaller problems. We conduct extensive numerical experiments to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm and show its practical applicability to reasonably-sized dynamic ride-matching contexts. Finally, in the interest of even lower solution times, we propose heuristic solution methods, and investigate the trade-offs between solution time and accuracy

Evaluation of estimation approaches on the quality and robustness of collision warning system

Vehicle safety is one of the most challenging aspect of future-generation autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles. Collision warning systems (CCWs), as a proposed solution framework, can be relied as the main structure to address the issues in this area. In this framework, information plays a very important role. Each vehicle has access to its own information immediately. However, another vehicle information is available through a wireless communication. Data loss is very common issue for such communication approach. As a consequence, CCW would suffer from providing late or false detection awareness. Robust estimation of lost data is of this paper interest which its goal is to reconstruct or estimate lost network data from previous available or estimated data as close to actual values as possible under different rate of lost. In this paper, we will investigate and evaluate three different algorithms including constant velocity, constant acceleration and Kalman estimator for this purpose. We make a comparison between their performance which reveals the ability of them in term of accuracy and robustness for estimation and prediction based on previous samples which at the end affects the quality of CCW in awareness generation

Enhancing network equilibrium models for capturing emerging shared-use mobility services

Driven by the development of vehicle connectivity and automation, shared-use mobility services are expected to play a major role in meeting urban mobility needs. However, existing network equilibrium models cannot adequately model these emerging services, as these models are trip centric, assigning vehicular trips to transportation networks. With shared-use mobility, vehicular trips are the outcome of the interactions between service operators and travelers, a missing ingredient in the current network equilibrium analysis methodology. In this study, we will enhance the methodology by explicitly modeling the behaviors of both service operators and travelers. We will consider two implementations of shared-use mobility: one of a decentralized system in which vehicles choose which areas to serve based on their individually defined utility functions, and one of a centralized system in which a shared-use mobility service provider optimally assigns vehicles to requests based on a system-level objective function. The proposed models are expected to enhance the planning practice for shared-use mobility services.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162823/5/Enhancing Network Assignment Equilibrium Models for Capturing Emerging Shared-Use Mobility Services.pd

Dental Health Status of Schizophrenic Patients in the Chronic Psychiatric Care Center in the Province of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyary

Objective: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease . Schizophrenic patients are unable in personal fuction and self care such as dental health. Especially, side effects of anti– psych otic drugs cause some dental problems in the patient . Also dental problems may lead to some disease , so it is necessary to play full attention to dental health condition in schizophrenic patients. The aim of study was assessing the dental health status of schizophrenic patients confined in chronic psychiatric care center on Chaharmahal & Bakhtiyari. Materials & Methods: This survey is an analytical descriptive and cross-sectional study, 123 schizophrenic patients are assessed in 2008. The data was collected through interview, (using the Scale for the assessment of positive and negative symptom (SAPS and SANS), Decayed, Missed, Filled Teeth index (DMFT, Gingival index) and demographic questionnaire. Quantities analysis of data was undertaken by using X 2, Man vetney test and Pearson r test . Results: The mean of DMFT was 19.43±7.71. There was a significant correlation between age, smoking history and cigarettes per day, oral hygiene condition and other negative symptoms and average DMFT (P&le0.05). Also there was a significant correlation between the severity of periodentitis and sex, history of smoking, number of smoked cigarettes per day, previous hospital admission and average of negative and positive symptoms. No significant correlation between the severity of periodentitis and mean DMFT (P&le0.05) was seen. Conclusion: Results of the study demonstrated that dental health of people with schizophrenia is poor

Negative effects of cyanide on health and its removal options from industrial wastewater

Water resource scarcity, population growth, pollution of surface and groundwater by discharging toxic wastewater and subsequent diseases may raise the necessity of reusing and treatment of wastewater. Cyanide is one of the toxic materials which can be found in some industrial wastewaters. Strict laws set by international bodies have forced industries to work on developing efficient cyanide removal processes. In addition, at short-term exposure, cyanide could result in rapid breathing, tremors and other neurological effects, but long term exposure it may cause weight loss, thyroid effects, nerve damage and death. Skin contact with liquids containing cyanide may also produce irritation and sores. The application of old methods like alkaline chlorination process has become limited due to toxic nature of intermediate and by-products, and unique methods, such as biological, the iron cyanide precipitation, SO2/Air, acidification/volatilization and reneutralization, ion exchange and hydrogen peroxide processes are mainly developed and used by their respective companies. In this paper, the negative effects of cyanide on health and its industrial manufacturers as well as cyanide removal processes are briefly discussed

The effect of Lavandula angustifolia in the treatment of mild to moderate depression

زمینه و هدف: برخی از گیاهان دارویی سالهاست که در طب سنتی برای درمان بسیاری از بیماری‌ها از جمله افسردگی و اضطراب به کار می‌روند. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثر مصرف اسطوخودوس بر افسردگی بیماران مصرف کننده سیتالوپرام انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی 80 بیمار سرپایی مراجعه کننده به کلینیک روانپزشکی بیمارستان هاجر شهرکرد که طبق مصاحبه ساختار یافته و پرسشنامه هامیلتون معیارهای ابتلا به افسردگی اساسی را داشتند وارد مطالعه شده و به شکل تصادفی به دو گروه شاهد و مورد تقسیم شدند. در گروه شاهد، قرص سیتالوپرام 20 میلی‌گرمی همراه با 2 لیوان آب‌ و نبات به عنوان پلاسبو دو بار در روز و در گروه مورد علاوه بر20 میلی گرم سیتالوپرام، معادل 5 گرم اندام هوایی خشک شده اسطوخودوس دو بار در روز در دو نوبت صبح و شب به شکل جوشانده همراه با نبات تجویز شد. بیماران بعد از 4 و 8 هفته از آغاز مطالعه با تکمیل فرم پرسشنامه هامیلتون و فرم عوارض درمانی پیگیری شدند. داده ها به کمک آزمون های آماری student t،-t زوجی و کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: بعد از 4 هفته میانگین افسردگی با مقیاس افسردگی هامیلتون در دو گروه شاهد و مورد به ترتیب 5/3±5/17 و 6/3±2/15 بود (05/0

Anomaly Detection in Connected and Automated Vehicles using an Augmented State Formulation

In this paper we propose a novel observer-based method for anomaly detection in connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The proposed method utilizes an augmented extended Kalman filter (AEKF) to smooth sensor readings of a CAV based on a nonlinear car-following motion model with time delay, where the leading vehicle's trajectory is used by the subject vehicle to detect sensor anomalies. We use the classic $\chi^2$ fault detector in conjunction with the proposed AEKF for anomaly detection. To make the proposed model more suitable for real-world applications, we consider a stochastic communication time delay in the car-following model. Our experiments conducted on real-world connected vehicle data indicate that the AEKF with $\chi^2$-detector can achieve a high anomaly detection performance.Comment: Accepted to be Published in: 2020 Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems (FISTS), Delft, Netherlands, 2020, pp. 156-161. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.0153