Terrorism Activities Influence on Financial Stock Markets: An Empirical Evidence from United Kingdom, India, France, Pakistan, Spain and United States

The study investigats the impact of terrorism activities on five economies (Developing and Developed) financial stock markets. Spain, United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, America and France were chosen for the analysis. The variables considered were terrorist activities and market return of the financial stock markets. Daily time series data for the period from 1st Jan 2001 to 31st Dec 2018 was analyzed by applying simple linear regression model to estimate the effects of terrorist activities on financial stock market returns of the selected countries. The results suggest that the market return is affected by the terror events and the model is overall statistically significant. The results of this study are consistent with findings of Freytag et al. (2009) and Basuchoudhary and Shughart (2010). Significant influence of terrorist activities on financial market returns offer financial markets stakeholders not only an understanding of the direction of market swing following terror factors on stock market but also offers guidance towards investment decision making and timing. Study further discussed how terrorism activities influence the overall market return

Effect of Sodium Bisulfite on Peroxidase Activity and Electrolyte Leakage in Maize in Relation to Sporulation of Bipolaris maydis Race T

Author Institution: Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and The Ohio State UniversityIn this study, we sought to determine whether the increases in peroxidase activity and electrolyte leakage induced in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by sodium bisulfite were causally related to the sodium bisulfite-induced increases in sporulation of the pathogen Bipolaris maydis race T on infected maize leaves. Pretreatment of detached leaves of maize inbred W64 A with sodium bisulfite (500 |ig/ml) for 24 h in the dark at 28°C increased peroxidase activity in the Tms cytoplasm (susceptible) isoline compared with the N cytoplasm (resistant) isoline. No such differences in peroxidase activity between the two isolines were observed when detached leaves were pretreated with double distilled water. The sodium bisulfite-induced increase in peroxidase activity persisted even when leaves pretreated with sodium bisulfite were inoculated with R maydis race T and subsequently incubated for 48 h in the dark at 28° C. Similarly, pretreatment with sodium bisulfite caused a greater increase in electrolyte leakage as well as in sporulation on the leaves of the susceptible than on those of the resistant isoline when compared with leaves not treated with sodium bisulfite. Sodium bisulfite showed no effect on sporulation in vitro. Leachates from the susceptible isoline pretreated with sodium bisulfite also caused greater increase in sporulation than those from the resistant isoline pretreated with sodium bisulfite

Future Challenges and Mitigation Methods for High Photovoltaic Penetration: A Survey

: Integration of high volume (high penetration) of photovoltaic (PV) generation with power grids consequently leads to some technical challenges that are mainly due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, the volume of data involved in the smart grid architecture, and the impact power electronic-based smart inverters. These challenges include reverse power flow, voltage fluctuations, power quality issues, dynamic stability, big data challenges and others. This paper investigates the existing challenges with the current level of PV penetration and looks into the challenges with high PV penetration in future scenarios such as smart cities, transactive energy, proliferation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), possible eclipse events, big data issues and environmental impacts. Within the context of these future scenarios, this paper reviewed the existing solutions and provides insights to new and future solutions that could be explored to ultimately address these issues and improve the smart grid’s security, reliability and resilienc

The Effect of Bank Capital Buffer on Bank Risk and Net Interest Margin: Evidence from the US

This study used a balanced panel data set of USA well, adequately, under, significantly under and critically undercapitalized large commercial banks in pre, during and post-crisis period to investigate the effect of the capital buffer, tier one capital buffer and common equity buffer on risk and net interest margin. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) two-step estimation was applied. The conclusions showed that the capital buffer, common equity buffer, tier one capital buffer and total risk are negatively correlated. The findings of period dummies and subgroups dummies showed that capital buffer is influencing the total risk and net interest margin differently in pre, during and post-crisis. The results indicated that the interest margin is lower in pre-crisis and during crisis period than in the post-crisis period, which signifies the impact of capital restrictions imposed by regulators in Basel-III. The outcomes showed that the influence of capital buffer on the net interest margin is not similar in all the subgroups. In addition, the results indicated that there is a positive relationship between bank risk and net interest margin. The findings also displayed that the lagged risk and current risk are positively related

Uniqueness Theorem for Static Black Hole Solutions of sigma-models in Higher Dimensions

We prove the uniqueness theorem for self-gravitating non-linear sigma-models in higher dimensional spacetime. Applying the positive mass theorem we show that Schwarzschild-Tagherlini spacetime is the only maximally extended, static asymptotically flat solution with non-rotating regular event horizon with a constant mapping.Comment: 5 peges, Revtex, to be published in Class.Quantum Gra

Outcome of Lateral Mass Fixation and Fusion – A Comprehensive Analytical Study of 205 Lateral Mass Screws in 35 Patients at Punjab Institute of Neurosciences

Objective: To see outcome, accuracy and expected complications in passing lateral mass screws in patients with cervical spine injury, degenerative disease at the cervical spine level and neoplastic lesions.Materials and Methods: In this study, 35 patients were included and 205 screws passed in lateral mass patients’age ranged from 12-70 years (25 males and 10 females) with trauma to the cervical spine, degenerative disease at the cervical spine level and Intradural extramedullary benigntumors and extradural malignant neoplasm.Patients less than 12 years and more than 65 years of age,patients with traumatic ruptured disc causingspinal cord compression anteriorly and operated for cervical spine were excluded from our study.In all patients,we did lateral mass fixation with polyaxial screws and rods under fluoroscopic assistance.For assessment of screws trajectory and position, CT scan cervical spine with 3D reconstruction was performed on a first post op day to confirm screw orientation and direction and for fascet, foraminal, foramen transversarium violations.Results: All screws were passed by using Megrel’s trajectories. Not a single patient had nerve root, cord injury nor vertebral artery injury. One patient had screw pullouts requiring reoperation.12 to 14mm size screws were used under fluoro guidance. On postoperative CT cervical spine with 3D reconstruction shows no breach or violations of any foramen transversarium, nerve root injury or neural foramen penetration by screws. In all patients polyaxial screw/rod construct was used. Conclusion: Cervical spine lateral mass fixation with polyaxial screws is a safe and effective technique in expert hands under fluoroscopic assistance

Uniqueness Theorem of Static Degenerate and Non-degenerate Charged Black Holes in Higher Dimensions

We prove the uniqueness theorem for static higher dimensional charged black holes spacetime containing an asymptotically flat spacelike hypersurface with compact interior and with both degenerate and non-degenerate components of the event horizon.Comment: 9 pages, RevTex, to be published in Phys.Rev.D1

Effect of Water Stress and Levels of Bio-Organic Fertilizers on Water Productivity and Potato Solanum tuberosum L. Yield

A field experiment was conducted at the University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya in the spring season of 2021 for the potato crop under the influence of organic biofertilizers and water stress. Three levels of bio-organic fertilizers were used 0 (OM0), 1 (OM1) and 1.5 (OM2) ton ha-1 and three levels of irrigation 30 (I-30), 50 (I-50) and 75 (I-75) % water depletion were available to evaluate the role of bio-organic fertilizer and water stress in production functions and water use efficiency. I-30 treatment showed the highest water consumption ranging between 468 and 486 mm season-1 and decreased to 355-436 mm with water stress treatments I-75. The values of water consumption varied according to the levels of bio-organic fertilizer. The percentage of decrease in water consumption was 1.49 and 3.66% at low stress and reached 6.37% at high stress (I-75) compared to OM0. Both treatments I-30 and I-50 gave the same yield. Bio-organic fertilization led to an increase in the average yield of tubers 32.8 and 41.9% for both OM1 and OM2 compared to OM0. The production functions indicate that the yield increases by 0.057 ton ha-1 mm-1 of added water, and the water depth must be greater than 64.2 mm to obtain a yield that is 1.96 ton ha-1 more (significant limit) than the treatments in the experiment (1.96=0.057(Irr.). )-1.70). Fertilizer levels are higher than 1.9 ton ha-1 to obtain a higher yield of tubers by 26.29 tons/ha and the efficiency of water use is nil according to the water use function when the water consumption is higher than 692.7 mm. The response factor decreased when adding bio-organic fertilizer compared to OM0, which means that plants were not affected significantly under water stress conditions