Bar Wars: Contesting the night in British cities

The usage and meanings of public space within the night-time city have been issues of contestation for centuries. This thesis employs primary and secondary historical literature, formal and informal interviews and participant observation to trace the evolution of such contestation and explore some of its current manifestations. In doing so, the thesis charts the emergence of the 'night-time high street,' a bounded social setting purged of heterogeneity in order to conform more fully to the expectations of its core constituency. This theme of commercially moulded social order is brought to the fore in a discussion of social control within licensed premises. The tendency to focus upon individual or limited combinations of factors in the strategic management of crime risk is eschewed in favour of an analysis of the purposive, complex and interconnected orchestration of security-related activity. By comparison, public policing of the streets is revealed as reactive, and increasingly reactionary, the State having compromising its role as primary guardian of public order. The thesis goes on to identify the adversarial licensing trial as a key arena of contemporary contestation. At trial, combatants deploy a range of skills, resources and capacities in interaction and have access to a repertoire of arguments and counterarguments. In addition to the strategic manipulation of content, effective engagement requires attention to the form in which evidence is delivered. These factors work to the detriment of objectors as they seek to prepare, present and defend their case. The practical success of industry players arises by dint of their success at persuasion and seasoned ability to denounce the arguments of their opponents. These interactional accomplishments are facilitated by enhanced access to financial and legal resources and combine with the threat of litigation and ideological affinities with Government to create a situation of 'regulatory capture'

The Relationship Between Religion and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Research shows that religious people have higher levels of self-control. Scientists also hypothesize that individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are less likely to participate in religious services which require long periods of attention and self discipline. However, little research has investigated the potential relationship between ADHD and religious participation. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study finds (1) mothers’ prayer frequency is marginally related to children’s ADHD symptoms and diagnosis although other religious indicators are not significantly related, (2) childhood religious involvement and affiliation are not significantly related to ADHD symptoms and diagnosis, and (3) childhood ADHD is not significantly related to adult religious involvement and affiliation

Vortex Glass is a Metal: Unified Theory of the Magnetic Field and Disorder-Tuned Bose Metals

We consider the disordered quantum rotor model in the presence of a magnetic field. We analyze the transport properties in the vicinity of the multicritical point between the superconductor, phase glass and paramagnetic phases. We find that the magnetic field leaves metallic transport of bosons in the glassy phase in tact. In the vicinity of the vicinity of the superconductivity-to-Bose metal transition, the resistitivy turns on as $(H-H_c)^{2}$ with $H_c$. This functional form is in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed turn-on of the resistivity in the metallic state in MoGe, namely $R\approx R_c(H-H_c)^\mu$, $1<\mu<3$. The metallic state is also shown to presist in three spatial dimensions. In addition, we also show that the metallic state remains intact in the presence of Ohmic dissipation in spite of recent claims to the contrary. As the phase glass in $d=3$ is identical to the vortex glass, we conclude that the vortex glass is, in actuality, a metal rather than a superconductor at T=0. Our analysis unifies the recent experiments on vortex glass systems in which the linear resistivity remained non-zero below the putative vortex glass transition and the experiments on thin films in which a metallic phase has been observed to disrupt the direct transition from a superconductor to an insulator.Comment: Published version with an appendix showing that the claim in cond-mat/0510380 (and cond-mat/0606522) that Ohmic dissipation in the phase glass leads to a superconducting state is false. A metal persists in this case as wel