Marker-free image registration of electron tomography tilt-series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tilt series are commonly used in electron tomography as a means of collecting three-dimensional information from two-dimensional projections. A common problem encountered is the projection alignment prior to 3D reconstruction. Current alignment techniques usually employ gold particles or image derived markers to correctly align the images. When these markers are not present, correlation between adjacent views is used to align them. However, sequential pairwise correlation is prone to bias and the resulting alignment is not always optimal.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper we introduce an algorithm to find regions of the tilt series which can be tracked within a subseries of the tilt series. These regions act as landmarks allowing the determination of the alignment parameters. We show our results with synthetic data as well as experimental cryo electron tomography.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our algorithm is able to correctly align a single-tilt tomographic series without the help of fiducial markers thanks to the detection of thousands of small image patches that can be tracked over a short number of images in the series.</p

Combinatorial optimization in foundry practice

The multicriteria mathematical model of foundry production capacity planning is suggested in the paper. The model is produced in terms of pseudo-Boolean optimization theory. Different search optimization methods were used to solve the obtained problem

Selection of logical patterns for constructing a decision rule of recognition

We investigate an aspect of the construction of logical recognition algorithms - selection of patterns in the set of found patterns in the data. We consider the recognition problem for objects described by binary attributes and divided into two classes. A result of performance the procedure of searching patterns on the training set (a set of input data) is a number of patterns found. The question is to select some patterns from their total number to form a decision rule. That can not only reduce size of the decision rule, but also to improve recognition. One way to make a selection of patterns is select a subset of patterns that are needed to cover all objects of the training sample. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem. The resulting optimization model represents a problem of conditional pseudo-Boolean optimization, in which the objective function and the constraints functions are unimodal monotone pseudo-Boolean functions. Another way is to make the selection of such patterns, which when used together will increase separating capacity of the decision rule. As a criterion for the formation of the decision rule is considered the width of the separation margin. One more way is the selection supporting objects, rules are formed on the basis of which. Selection of logical patterns, which is made in accordance with the proposed approach, can significantly reduce the number of patterns and simplify the decision rule, almost without compromising the accuracy of recognition. This makes the decision rule clearer, and the results more interpretable. It is necessary to support decision making for recognition

Selection of logical patterns for constructing a decision rule of recognition

We investigate an aspect of the construction of logical recognition algorithms - selection of patterns in the set of found patterns in the data. We consider the recognition problem for objects described by binary attributes and divided into two classes. A result of performance the procedure of searching patterns on the training set (a set of input data) is a number of patterns found. The question is to select some patterns from their total number to form a decision rule. That can not only reduce size of the decision rule, but also to improve recognition. One way to make a selection of patterns is select a subset of patterns that are needed to cover all objects of the training sample. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem. The resulting optimization model represents a problem of conditional pseudo-Boolean optimization, in which the objective function and the constraints functions are unimodal monotone pseudo-Boolean functions. Another way is to make the selection of such patterns, which when used together will increase separating capacity of the decision rule. As a criterion for the formation of the decision rule is considered the width of the separation margin. One more way is the selection supporting objects, rules are formed on the basis of which. Selection of logical patterns, which is made in accordance with the proposed approach, can significantly reduce the number of patterns and simplify the decision rule, almost without compromising the accuracy of recognition. This makes the decision rule clearer, and the results more interpretable. It is necessary to support decision making for recognition

Combinatorial optimization in foundry practice

The multicriteria mathematical model of foundry production capacity planning is suggested in the paper. The model is produced in terms of pseudo-Boolean optimization theory. Different search optimization methods were used to solve the obtained problem

Three-dimensional Imaging Reveals New Compartments and Structural Adaptations in Odontoblasts

In organized tissues, the precise geometry and the overall shape are critical for the specialized functions that the cells carry out. Odontoblasts are major matrix-producing cells of the tooth and have also been suggested to participate in sensory transmission. However, refined morphologic data on these important cells are limited, which hampers the analysis and understanding of their cellular functions. We took advantage of fluorescent color-coding genetic tracing to visualize and reconstruct in 3 dimensions single odontoblasts, pulp cells, and their assemblages. Our results show distinct structural features and compartments of odontoblasts at different stages of maturation, with regard to overall cellular shape, formation of the main process, orientation, and matrix deposition. We demonstrate previously unanticipated contacts between the processes of pulp cells and odontoblasts. All reported data are related to mouse incisor tooth. We also show that odontoblasts express TRPM5 and Piezo2 ion channels. Piezo2 is expressed ubiquitously, while TRPM5 is asymmetrically distributed with distinct localization to regions proximal to and within odontoblast processes