3,088 research outputs found
Lattice Dynamics in the Half-Space, II. Energy Transport Equation
We consider the lattice dynamics in the half-space. The initial data are
random according to a probability measure which enforces slow spatial variation
on the linear scale . We establish two time regimes. For
times of order , , locally the measure
converges to a Gaussian measure which is time stationary with a covariance
inherited from the initial measure (non-Gaussian, in general). For times of
order , this covariance changes in time and is governed by a
semiclassical transport equation.Comment: 35 page
Current reservoirs in the simple exclusion process
We consider the symmetric simple exclusion process in the interval
with additional birth and death processes respectively on , , and
. The exclusion is speeded up by a factor , births and deaths
by a factor . Assuming propagation of chaos (a property proved in a
companion paper "Truncated correlations in the stirring process with births and
deaths") we prove convergence in the limit to the linear heat
equation with Dirichlet condition on the boundaries; the boundary conditions
however are not known a priori, they are obtained by solving a non linear
equation. The model simulates mass transport with current reservoirs at the
boundaries and the Fourier law is proved to hold
Low temperature dynamics of kinks on Ising interfaces
The anisotropic motion of an interface driven by its intrinsic curvature or
by an external field is investigated in the context of the kinetic Ising model
in both two and three dimensions. We derive in two dimensions (2d) a continuum
evolution equation for the density of kinks by a time-dependent and nonlocal
mapping to the asymmetric exclusion process. Whereas kinks execute random walks
biased by the external field and pile up vertically on the physical 2d lattice,
then execute hard-core biased random walks on a transformed 1d lattice. Their
density obeys a nonlinear diffusion equation which can be transformed into the
standard expression for the interface velocity v = M[(gamma + gamma'')kappa +
H]$, where M, gamma + gamma'', and kappa are the interface mobility, stiffness,
and curvature, respectively. In 3d, we obtain the velocity of a curved
interface near the orientation from an analysis of the self-similar
evolution of 2d shrinking terraces. We show that this velocity is consistent
with the one predicted from the 3d tensorial generalization of the law for
anisotropic curvature-driven motion. In this generalization, both the interface
stiffness tensor and the curvature tensor are singular at the
orientation. However, their product, which determines the interface velocity,
is smooth. In addition, we illustrate how this kink-based kinetic description
provides a useful framework for studying more complex situations by modeling
the effect of immobile dilute impurities.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Current large deviations in a driven dissipative model
We consider lattice gas diffusive dynamics with creation-annihilation in the
bulk and maintained out of equilibrium by two reservoirs at the boundaries.
This stochastic particle system can be viewed as a toy model for granular gases
where the energy is injected at the boundary and dissipated in the bulk. The
large deviation functional for the particle currents flowing through the system
is computed and some physical consequences are discussed: the mechanism for
local current fluctuations, dynamical phase transitions, the
fluctuation-relation
Nitrate affects transcriptional regulation of UPBEAT1 and ROS localisation in roots of Zea mays L.
Nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient for crops but its availability in agricultural soils is subject to considerable fluctuation. Plants have developed plastic responses to external N fluctuations in order to optimise their development. The coordinated action of nitric oxide and auxin seems to allow the cells of the transition zone (TZ) of the root apex of N-deprived maize to rapidly sense nitrate. Preliminary results support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling might also have a role in this pathway, probably through a putative maize orthologue of UPBEAT1 (UPB1). To expand on this hypothesis and better understand the different roles played by different root portions, we investigated the dynamics of ROS production, and the molecular and biochemical regulation of the main components of ROS production and scavenging in tissues of the Meristem, Transition Zone, Elongation Zone and Maturation Zone of maize roots. The results suggest that the inverse regulation of ZmUPB1 and ZmPRX112 transcription observed in cells of the TZ in response to nitrogen depletion or nitrate supply affects the balance between H2O2 and O2 12 in the root apex and consequently triggers differential root growth. This explanation is supported by additional results on the overall metabolic and transcriptional regulation of ROS homeostasis
Phase Segregation Dynamics in Particle Systems with Long Range Interactions I: Macroscopic Limits
We present and discuss the derivation of a nonlinear non-local
integro-differential equation for the macroscopic time evolution of the
conserved order parameter of a binary alloy undergoing phase segregation. Our
model is a d-dimensional lattice gas evolving via Kawasaki exchange dynamics,
i.e. a (Poisson) nearest-neighbor exchange process, reversible with respect to
the Gibbs measure for a Hamiltonian which includes both short range (local) and
long range (nonlocal) interactions. A rigorous derivation is presented in the
case in which there is no local interaction. In a subsequent paper (part II),
we discuss the phase segregation phenomena in the model. In particular we argue
that the phase boundary evolutions, arising as sharp interface limits of the
family of equations derived in this paper, are the same as the ones obtained
from the corresponding limits for the Cahn-Hilliard equation.Comment: amstex with macros (included in the file), tex twice, 20 page
New radio observations of anomalous microwave emission in the HII region RCW175
We have observed the HII region RCW175 with the 64m Parkes telescope at
8.4GHz and 13.5GHz in total intensity, and at 21.5GHz in both total intensity
and polarization. High angular resolution, high sensitivity, and polarization
capability enable us to perform a detailed study of the different constituents
of the HII region. For the first time, we resolve three distinct regions at
microwave frequencies, two of which are part of the same annular diffuse
structure. Our observations enable us to confirm the presence of anomalous
microwave emission (AME) from RCW175. Fitting the integrated flux density
across the entire region with the currently available spinning dust models,
using physically motivated assumptions, indicates the presence of at least two
spinning dust components: a warm component with a relatively large hydrogen
number density n_H=26.3/cm^3 and a cold component with a hydrogen number
density of n_H=150/cm^3. The present study is an example highlighting the
potential of using high angular-resolution microwave data to break model
parameter degeneracies. Thanks to our spectral coverage and angular resolution,
we have been able to derive one of the first AME maps, at 13.5GHz, showing
clear evidence that the bulk of the AME arises in particular from one of the
source components, with some additional contribution from the diffuse
structure. A cross-correlation analysis with thermal dust emission has shown a
high degree of correlation with one of the regions within RCW175. In the center
of RCW175, we find an average polarized emission at 21.5GHz of
2.2\pm0.2(rand.)\pm0.3(sys.)% of the total emission, where we have included
both systematic and statistical uncertainties at 68% CL. This polarized
emission could be due to sub-dominant synchrotron emission from the region and
is thus consistent with very faint or non-polarized emission associated with
AME.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Trapping in the random conductance model
We consider random walks on among nearest-neighbor random conductances
which are i.i.d., positive, bounded uniformly from above but whose support
extends all the way to zero. Our focus is on the detailed properties of the
paths of the random walk conditioned to return back to the starting point at
time . We show that in the situations when the heat kernel exhibits
subdiffusive decay --- which is known to occur in dimensions --- the
walk gets trapped for a time of order in a small spatial region. This shows
that the strategy used earlier to infer subdiffusive lower bounds on the heat
kernel in specific examples is in fact dominant. In addition, we settle a
conjecture concerning the worst possible subdiffusive decay in four dimensions.Comment: 21 pages, version to appear in J. Statist. Phy
Corrigendum to âPollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 kaâ published in Biogeosciences, 13, 1423â1437, 2016
In this corrigendum we report an updated pollen record from the Lake Ohrid DEEP site spanning the past 500 ka whereby we have reprocessed and re-analyzed 104 samples affected by chemical procedure problems that occurred in one palynological laboratory. Firstly, these samples were affected by the use of wrong containers, causing in- adequate settling of particles at the set centrifuging speed. Secondly, HCl and HF treatments were combined without the prescribed intermediate centrifuging and decanting steps. The inaccuracy in the protocol resulted in the loss of smaller pollen grains and in the overrepresentation of bisaccate ones in most of the re-analyzed samples. We therefore provide an updated set of figures with the new data and have revised the description of the results, discussion and conclusions re- ported in Sadori et al. (2016) where necessary. We stress that the majority of the original results and conclusions remain valid, while the recordsâ reliability and resolution have improved as 12 samples that had been omitted in the original study because of low count sums are now included in the revised dataset (Sadori et al., 2018)
Not All Children with Under-Control Asthma are Controlled
Subclinical lung function alterations can sometimes be discovered in asthmatic patients under clinical control. This study aimed to identify the burden of asthmatic children with subclinical airways abnormalities who may benefit from an adjustment in asthma therapy. 134 6-to-17-year-old asthmatic children were enrolled. Of them, 98 presented apparently under clinical control disease and all performed spirometry before and after bronchodilation: 17 (17.3%) had a positive bronchodilation test, in addition to significantly lower lung function indexes as compared to those with under-control asthma who had a negative bronchodilation test. These patients were randomized and re-evaluated: patients (n=8) receiving an adjustment in their therapy showed an improvement in lung function tests and quality of life indexes as compared to 7 without therapy adjustment. In conclusion, a substantial number of apparently-under-control asthmatic children show airways alterations that can be improved by adjusting their therapy, which also seems to enhance their quality of life
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