4,181 research outputs found
On how to Mitigate the Packet Reordering Issue in the Explicit Load Balancing Scheme
科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究
ELB: An Explicit Load Balancing Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop NGEO Satellite Constellations
科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究
Shock Induced Order-disorder Transformation in Ni3Al
The Hugoniot of Ni3Al with L12 structure is calculated with an equation of
state (EOS) based on a cluster expansion and variation method from first
principles. It is found that an order-disorder transition occurs at a shock
pressure of 205GPa, corresponding to 3750K in temperature. On the other hand,
an unexpected high melting temperature about 6955K is obtained at the same
pressure, which is completely different from the case at ambient pressure where
the melting point is slightly lower than the order-disorder transition
temperature, implying the high pressure phase diagram has its own
characteristics. The present work also demonstrates the configurational
contribution is more important than electronic excitations in alloys and
mineral crystals within a large range of temperature, and an EOS model based on
CVM is necessary for high pressure metallurgy and theoretical Earth model.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Metallic liquid hydrogen and likely Al2O3 metallic glass
Dynamic compression has been used to synthesize liquid metallic hydrogen at
140 GPa (1.4 million bar) and experimental data and theory predict Al2O3 might
be a metallic glass at ~300 GPa. The mechanism of metallization in both cases
is probably a Mott-like transition. The strength of sapphire causes shock
dissipation to be split differently in the strong solid and soft fluid. Once
the 4.5-eV H-H and Al-O bonds are broken at sufficiently high pressures in
liquid H2 and in sapphire (single-crystal Al2O3), electrons are delocalized,
which leads to formation of energy bands in fluid H and probably in amorphous
Al2O3. The high strength of sapphire causes shock dissipation to be absorbed
primarily in entropy up to ~400 GPa, which also causes the 300-K isotherm and
Hugoniot to be virtually coincident in this pressure range. Above ~400 GPa
shock dissipation must go primarily into temperature, which is observed
experimentally as a rapid increase in shock pressure above ~400 GPa. The
metallization of glassy Al2O3, if verified, is expected to be general in strong
oxide insulators. Implications for Super Earths are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 14th Liquid and Amorphous Metals Conference, Rome
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An international validation study of the IL-2 Luc assay for evaluating the potential immunotoxic effects of chemicals on T cells and a proposal for reference data for immunotoxic chemicals
To evaluate the immunotoxic effects of xenobiotics, we have established the Multi-ImmunoTox assay, in which three stable reporter cell lines are used to evaluate the effects of chemicals on the IL-2, IFN-\u3b3, IL-1\u3b2 and IL-8 promoters. Here, we report the official validation study of the IL-2 luciferase assay (IL-2 Luc assay). In the Phase I study that evaluated five coded chemicals in three sets of experiments, the average within-laboratory reproducibility was 86.7%. In the Phase II study, 20 coded chemicals were evaluated at multiple laboratories. In the combined results of the Phase I and II studies, the between-laboratory reproducibility was 80.0%. These results suggested that the IL-2 Luc assay was reproducible both between and within laboratories. To determine the predictivity, we collected immunotoxicological information and constructed the reference data by classifying the chemical into immunotoxic compounds targeting T cells or others according to previously reported criteria. When compared with the reference data, the average predictivity of the Phase I and II studies was 75.0%, while that of additional 60 chemicals examined by the lead laboratory was 82.5%. Although the IL-2 Luc assay alone is not sufficient to predict immunotoxicity, it will be a useful tool when combined with other immune tests
Entropy-Dominated Dissipation in Sapphire Shock-Compressed up to 400 GPa (4 Mbar)
Sapphire (single-crystal Al2O3) is a representative Earth material and is
used as a window and/or anvil in shock experiments. Pressure, for example, at
the core-mantle boundary is about 130 gigapascals (GPa). Defects induced by
100-GPa shock waves cause sapphire to become opaque, which precludes measuring
temperature with thermal radiance. We have measured wave profiles of sapphire
crystals with several crystallographic orientations at shock pressures of 16,
23, and 86 GPa. At 23 GPa plastic-shock rise times are generally quite long
(~100 ns) and their values depend sensitively on the direction of shock
propagation in the crystal lattice. The long rise times are probably caused by
the high strength of inter-atomic interactions in the ordered three-dimensional
sapphire lattice. Our wave profiles and recent theoretical and laser-driven
experimental results imply that sapphire disorders without significant shock
heating up to about 400 GPa, above which Al2O3 is amorphous and must heat. This
picture suggests that the characteristic shape of shock compression curves of
many Earth materials at 100 GPa pressures is caused by a combination of entropy
and temperature.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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Factors Predicting Survival in Patients with Proximal Gastric Carcinoma Involving the Esophagus
AIM:
To investigate the clinicopathologic features which predict surgical overall survival in patients with proximal gastric carcinoma involving the esophagus (PGCE).
METHODS:
Electronic pathology database established in the Department of Pathology of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital was searched for consecutive resection cases of proximal gastric carcinoma over the period from May 2004 through July 2009. Each retrieved pathology report was reviewed and the cases with tumors crossing the gastroesophageal junction line were selected as PGCE. Each tumor was re-staged, following the guidelines on esophageal adenocarcinoma, according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer Staging Manual. All histology slides were studied along with the pathology report for a retrospective analysis of 13 clinicopathologic features, i.e., age, gender, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, surgical modality, Siewert type, tumor Bormann's type, size, differentiation, histology type, surgical margin, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and pathologic stage in relation to survival after surgical resection. Prognostic factors for overall survival were assessed with uni- and multi-variate analyses.
RESULTS:
Patients' mean age was 65 years (range: 47-90 years). The male: female ratio was 3.3. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 87%, 61% and 32%, respectively. By univariate analysis, age, male gender, H. pylori, tumor Bormann's type, size, histology type, surgical modality, positive surgical margin, lymphovascular invasion, and pT stage were not predictive for overall survival; in contrast, perineural invasion (P = 0.003), poor differentiation (P = 0.0003), > 15 total lymph nodes retrieved (P = 0.008), positive lymph nodes (P = 0.001), and distant metastasis (P = 0.005) predicted poor post-operative overall survival. Celiac axis nodal metastasis was associated with significantly worse overall survival (P = 0.007). By multivariate analysis, ≥ 16 positive nodes (P = 0.018), lymph node ratio > 0.2 (P = 0.003), and overall pathologic stage (P = 0.002) were independent predictors for poor overall survival after resection.
CONCLUSION:
Patients with PGCE showed worse overall survival in elderly, high nodal burden and advanced pathologic stage. This cancer may be more accurately staged as gastric, than esophageal, cancer
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Transition to a Virtually Incompressible Oxide Phase at a Shock Pressure of 120 GPa (1.2 Mbar): Gd3Ga5O12
Cubic, single-crystal, transparent Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 5}O{sub 12} has a density of 7.10 g/cm{sup 3}, a Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of 30 GPa, and undergoes a continuous phase transition from 65 GPa to a quasi-incompressible (QI) phase at 120 GPa. Only diamond has a larger HEL. The QI phase of Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 5}O{sub 12} is more incompressible than diamond from 170 to 260 GPa. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate the QI phase has a bandgap of 3.1 eV. Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 5}O{sub 12} can be used to obtain substantially higher pressures and lower temperatures in metallic fluid hydrogen than was achieved previously by shock reverberation between Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} disks. Dynamic compression achieves pressures, densities, and temperatures that enable investigation of ultracondensed matter at conditions yet to be achieved by any other technique. The prototypical example is observation of minimum metallic conductivity (MMC) of dense fluid hydrogen at 140 GPa, nine-fold compression of liquid density, and {approx}3000 K [1-3]. The high pressure and density and relatively low temperature are achieved by multiple-shock compression [2]. Temperature T is relatively low in the sense that T/TP{sub F} {approx} 0.01, where T{sub F} is the Fermi temperature. The time scale of compression is sufficiently long to achieve thermal equilibrium and sufficiently short so the process is adiabatic. Similar results are obtained for oxygen [4] and nitrogen [5]. Fluid Cs and Rb undergo the same transition at 2000 K near their liquid-vapor critical points [6]. All five elemental fluids have essentially the same value of MMC and the density dependences of their semiconductivities scale with the quantum-mechanical charge-density distributions of the respective atoms [5]. Liquid H{sub 2} is one of the most compressible of all materials. In this paper, we report that the dielectric crystal Gd{sub 3}Ga{sub 5}O{sub 12} (GGG) transitions to a virtually incompressible phase at 120 GPa shock pressure
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Volumetric laser endomicroscopy and its application to Barrett's esophagus: results from a 1,000 patient registry.
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) for real-time, microscopic cross-sectional imaging. A US-based multi-center registry was constructed to prospectively collect data on patients undergoing upper endoscopy during which a VLE scan was performed. The objective of this registry was to determine usage patterns of VLE in clinical practice and to estimate quantitative and qualitative performance metrics as they are applied to Barrett's esophagus (BE) management. All procedures utilized the NvisionVLE Imaging System (NinePoint Medical, Bedford, MA) which was used by investigators to identify the tissue types present, along with focal areas of concern. Following the VLE procedure, investigators were asked to answer six key questions regarding how VLE impacted each case. Statistical analyses including neoplasia diagnostic yield improvement using VLE was performed. One thousand patients were enrolled across 18 US trial sites from August 2014 through April 2016. In patients with previously diagnosed or suspected BE (894/1000), investigators used VLE and identified areas of concern not seen on white light endoscopy (WLE) in 59% of the procedures. VLE imaging also guided tissue acquisition and treatment in 71% and 54% of procedures, respectively. VLE as an adjunct modality improved the neoplasia diagnostic yield by 55% beyond the standard of care practice. In patients with no prior history of therapy, and without visual findings from other technologies, VLE-guided tissue acquisition increased neoplasia detection over random biopsies by 700%. Registry investigators reported that VLE improved the BE management process when used as an adjunct tissue acquisition and treatment guidance tool. The ability of VLE to image large segments of the esophagus with microscopic cross-sectional detail may provide additional benefits including higher yield biopsies and more efficient tissue acquisition. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02215291
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