A Study on the Most Important Problems and Challenges Facing Learners and Teachers in Adult Education and Literacy Centers in Jordan, and Ways to Confront them

This study aimed to identify the reality of the services and the educational environment provided to learners in adult education centers and literacy in the directorates of education in Jordan, and to identify the most important problems and challenges facing learners and teachers in these centers in preparation for proposing appropriate solutions that would develop the mechanism of work in education centers Adult literacy, improving the educational services provided to learners, and improving the outputs of these centers. The sample of the study included a group of teachers and students at adult education and literacy centers in various regions of the Kingdom, and after distributing the questionnaire to the sample and unpacking it, the results clarified the current reality of the centers, as it was revealed that there are a set of positive factors and measures presented in the centers such as the availability of books and stationery for learners, and the availability of lighting and ventilation. And the means of heating and cooling appropriate for the centers, in addition to the teachers\u27 efforts to help the students in their lessons, and to abide by the conditions of public health and safety. It also showed that there are negative factors in these centers such as the lack of suitable furniture for students, the lack of students\u27 feeling of real benefit from the lessons they took, in addition to difficulties and lack of clarity in some of the topics of the books used, and the lack of attention and follow-up by the educational supervisors of the centers in many cases. The results of the study also showed that there are many problems facing the centers, the most prominent of which is the lack of flexibility in determining the official working hours in proportion to the students, the disparity and the lack of convergence in the ages of the students and the impact of family obligations, social events and agricultural seasons in hindering the student\u27s attendance to the center and commitment to time, in addition to the difficulty The transfer of students from their homes to the centers, and the lack of means of transportation for them. The results also recommended the necessity to improve the centers\u27 environment by intensifying supervisory visits to the centers, providing the necessary deficiencies for the centers, such as furniture and computers, honoring distinguished students and teachers in the centers, and shortening the duration of the adult education and literacy program in line with the developments taking place in the world and our society in a way that serves learner

Study on the dynamic behavior of cylindrical steel liquid storage tanks using finite element method

Dynamic behavior of ground supported cylindrical storage tanks (CST) is of crucial importance because of its applications in industrial complexes. Seismic behavior of tanks is greatly affected by the height to diameter ratio, fluid height and fluid type. Five CSTs with different height to diameter ratios, three CSTs with the same height and diameters but various fluid heights and one CST with two different fluid types are selected to determine the effect of height to diameter ratio, fluid heights, and fluid type on the seismic behavior of the tanks respectively. Static, modal, response spectrum, and time history analyses are used in this study for the selected CSTs using ANSYS finite element software. In the time history analysis method, the Tabas, Kobe and Cape Mendocino earthquake records have been utilized on the first five CSTs to ascertain the effect of height to diameter ratio and the Tabas earthquake record is used for the rest of CSTs. Results show that an increase in fluid height lead to a corresponding increase in the base shear. Based on observations, 100 percent increase in the diameter showed 63 percent increase in sloshing under the response spectrum and 70 percent under time history analyses. Based on static and response spectrum analyses, the highest values of displacements are obtained at the lowest part of the tanks, while in time history analysis, the highest is obtained at the top of the tanks. All analyses showed that the maximum stress occurred at the height of 1 to 2 meter from the bottom of the tanks

Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse

A sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a container irrigation technique in which water is supplied to the crop from the bottom, stored in a saturated media-filled reservoir beneath an unsaturated soil, and then delivered by capillary action to the root zone. The aim of this study was to optimize the water management and to assess the performance of this technique in terms of water use efficiency, soil moisture, and solute distribution in comparison with surface irrigation in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The experiment consisted of four SIP treatments, with a constant water level in the bottom reservoir in order to evaluate the effect of two different irrigation salinities (1.2 and 2.2 dS m−1) and two depths of substrate profiles (25 and 15 cm). The results showed that SIP is capable of significantly improving both water-use efficiency and plant productivity compared with surface irrigation. Also, a 24% average reduction in water consumption was observed while using SIP. Moreover, SIPs with a higher depth were recommended as the optimum treatments within SIPs. The type of irrigation method affected the salinity distribution in the substrate profile; the highest salinity levels were registered at the top layers in SIPs, whereas the maximum salinity levels for the surface treatments were observed at the bottom layers. SIPs provide a practical solution for the irrigation of plants in areas facing water quality and scarcity problems

Teacher-student rapport and gamified learning: Investigating the role of interpersonal variables in classroom integration

Using the educational setting of Jordan, this research aims to investigate the complex relationship between teacher-student rapport and student involvement in gamified learning experiences. As it relates to the effective use of gamified learning methodologies, this research digs into the far-reaching ramifications of cultivating strong interpersonal interactions between instructors and students. This research uses a strict quantitative technique to investigate the complex relationships between 400 children and 40 teachers. This study's results shed light on an interesting and statistically significant phenomenon: a significant positive connection (r = 0.742, p 0.001) between teacher-student rapport and the amount of engagement seen in gamified learning sessions. The finding, in line with Jordan's educational reforms, highlights the critical role of positive rapport in generating dynamic and significant participation within modern instructional techniques. The practical repercussions highlight the need for teachers to work to improve their interpersonal skills. It becomes clear that this is a crucial factor in enabling effective teaching and learning, especially within the context of contemporary pedagogical approaches. The current research helps us better understand the complex dynamics at play in teacher-student relationships, illuminating their far-reaching consequences for the pursuit of educational excellence in the Jordann setting

Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse

A sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a container irrigation technique in which water is supplied to the crop from the bottom, stored in a saturated media-filled reservoir beneath an unsaturated soil, and then delivered by capillary action to the root zone. The aim of this study was to optimize the water management and to assess the performance of this technique in terms of water use efficiency, soil moisture, and solute distribution in comparison with surface irrigation in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The experiment consisted of four SIP treatments, with a constant water level in the bottom reservoir in order to evaluate the effect of two different irrigation salinities (1.2 and 2.2 dS m−1) and two depths of substrate profiles (25 and 15 cm). The results showed that SIP is capable of significantly improving both water-use efficiency and plant productivity compared with surface irrigation. Also, a 24% average reduction in water consumption was observed while using SIP. Moreover, SIPs with a higher depth were recommended as the optimum treatments within SIPs. The type of irrigation method affected the salinity distribution in the substrate profile; the highest salinity levels were registered at the top layers in SIPs, whereas the maximum salinity levels for the surface treatments were observed at the bottom layers. SIPs provide a practical solution for the irrigation of plants in areas facing water quality and scarcity problems

Moderating Gut Microbiome/Mitochondrial Axis in Oxazolone Induced Ulcerative Colitis: The Evolving Role of β-Glucan and/or, Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat

A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome is thought to offer innovative explanations for many diseases and thus provide innovative management approaches, especially in GIT-related autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). β-Glucans, important components of many nutritious diets, including oats and mushrooms, have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions. Our research study sought to provide insight into the function of β-glucan and/or fidarestat in modifying the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of UC. A total of 50 Wistar albino male rats were grouped into five groups: control, UC, β-Glucan, Fidarestat, and combined treatment groups. All the groups were tested for the presence of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR-2 and -3) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA gene expressions. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content were found. The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also examined. Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) DNA binding activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 (PGC-1) were identified using the ELISA method. We observed a substantial increase FFAR-2, -3, and TFAM mRNA expression after the therapy. Similar increases were seen in the ATP levels, MMP, SCFA, PGC-1, and Nrf2 DNA binding activity. The levels of ROS, TMAO, and NF-kβ, on the other hand, significantly decreased. Using β-glucan and fidarestat together had unique therapeutic benefits in treating UC by focusing on the microbiota/mitochondrial axis, opening up a new avenue for a potential treatment for such a complex, multidimensional illness

Moderating Gut Microbiome/Mitochondrial Axis in Oxazolone Induced Ulcerative Colitis: The Evolving Role of β-Glucan and/or, Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat

A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome is thought to offer innovative explanations for many diseases and thus provide innovative management approaches, especially in GIT-related autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). β-Glucans, important components of many nutritious diets, including oats and mushrooms, have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions. Our research study sought to provide insight into the function of β-glucan and/or fidarestat in modifying the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of UC. A total of 50 Wistar albino male rats were grouped into five groups: control, UC, β-Glucan, Fidarestat, and combined treatment groups. All the groups were tested for the presence of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR-2 and -3) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA gene expressions. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content were found. The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also examined. Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) DNA binding activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 (PGC-1) were identified using the ELISA method. We observed a substantial increase FFAR-2, -3, and TFAM mRNA expression after the therapy. Similar increases were seen in the ATP levels, MMP, SCFA, PGC-1, and Nrf2 DNA binding activity. The levels of ROS, TMAO, and NF-kβ, on the other hand, significantly decreased. Using β-glucan and fidarestat together had unique therapeutic benefits in treating UC by focusing on the microbiota/mitochondrial axis, opening up a new avenue for a potential treatment for such a complex, multidimensional illness