Health Education Approaches to Control Urinary Schistosomiasis In Developing Countries

This article reviews the main health education approaches for the control of urinary schistosomiasis which is endemic in many developing countries. The control of schistosomiasis by mass-chemotherapy and safe water supply needs people\u27s behavioural changes through simultaneous effective health education. The characteristics of the following five health education approaches were demonstrated; (1) the \u27provision of knowledge\u27 approach, (2) the KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) or KAPB (knowledge, attitude, perception, and behaviour) study-based approach, (3) the health belief model, (4) the PRECEDE/PROCEED model, and (5) the community participation approach through empowerment and health learning. Education should be orientated by KAPB studies. Then, information on people\u27s perception and attitudes toward the targeted disease should be collected through communication and discussion with people based on the Health Belief model. In the next step, proper knowledge and message for behavioural changes and disease control should be provided in a culturally acceptable and effective manner. These core parts of health education should be backed up using findings of the PRECEDE/PROCEED model. At the same time, health education should stimulate community participation, which in turn enhances the health learning process of community members. All these processes with available public health and basic human services should work together for effective behavioural change and for better health outcomes such as increasing mass-chemotherapy participatio

The association between age, smoking, physical activity and diet with total cholesterol in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males

Abstract. — This paper reports on the frequency of smoking, physical activity, dietary intake and family history of diabetes and their effect on total cholesterol (TC) in 262 adult Caucasian and 100 migrant Pakistani males residing in Peterborough, East Anglia, England. Significantly more migrant Pakistanis smoked cigarettes and ate eggs; fats or oils; fresh fruits; meat; pulses, nuts or oilseeds; and sugar or syrups; and they took less physical activity than Caucasians. Age, age2 and body mass index (BMI) had similar associations with TC in both ethnic groups but mean TC (age controlled) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in migrant Pakistanis and this significant ethnic difference was also observed amongst individuals regularly consuming various dietary products. Ethnicity had a significant relationship with TC (p < 0.0001) even after controlling for the effects of various lifestyle pattern indicators. Migrant Pakistani males had significantly (p < 0.025) lower mean TC (0.39 mmol/1 less than Caucasians) after removing the combined effects of age, age2, smoking status, physical activity, family history of diabetes and diet than Caucasians. This significant ethnic difference (p < 0.005) in mean TC remained (0.36 mmol/1 less than Caucasians) even after removing the effect of BMI.Association entre l'âge, le tabagisme, l'activité physique, le régime alimentaire et la cholestérolémie totale chez des hommes adultes caucasiens et des migrants pakistanais Résumé : Ce travail décrit la fréquence du tabagisme, l'activité physique, le régime alimentaire, les antécédents familiaux de diabètes et leur effet sur la cholestérolémie totale (TC) chez 262 adultes caucasiens et 100 migrants pakistanais résidant à Peterborough, East Anglia, Angleterre. Une proportion significativement plus importante de migrants pakistanais que d'adultes caucasiens rament des cigarettes, mangent des oeufs, de l'huile et des graisses, des fruits frais, de la viande, des légumes secs, des noisettes et graines oléagineuses, du sucre et sirops, tout en ayant une activité physique plus faible. L'âge, âge2 et l'indice de corpulence (BMI) présentent des associations similaires avec TC dans les deux groupes ethniques, mais la moyenne du TC (contrôlé pour l'âge) est significativement plus faible (p<0,0001) chez les migrants pakistanais. Cette différence ethnique est également observée parmi les individus consommant divers produits alimentaires. Le facteur ethnique présente une relation significative avec TC (p<0,0001), même après prise en compte des effets de divers indicateurs de style de vie. Les migrants pakistanais présente une moyenne de TC significativement (p <0,025) inférieure de 0,39 mmol/1 à celle des caucasiens, après prise en compte des effets combinés de l'âge, âge2, usage du tabac, activité physique, antécédent familiaux pour le diabète et alimentation. Cette différence ethnique (p <0,005) pour le TC subsiste (0,36 mmol/1) même après avoir pris en compte l'effet du BMI.Bose Kaushik, Mascie-Taylor C.G.N. The association between age, smoking, physical activity and diet with total cholesterol in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 9 fascicule 3-4, 1997. pp. 267-278

Relationship of body mass index, regional adiposity and body fat distribution with some risk factors of NIDDM in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males

Summary. — The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI), regional adiposity and fat distribution on four risk factors of non-insulin dependent diabetes melhtus (NIDDM), namely, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males after controlling for age. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were 262 Caucasian and 100 migrant Pakistani males residing in Peterborough, East Anglia, England (age > 19 years). Measurements taken were Body mass index and various adiposity and adiposity distribution measures (circumferences and circumference ratios), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No significant ethnic heterogeneity was observed in the association of BMI with the metabolic and blood pressure variables nor were there consistent differences in the associations of various measures of regional adiposity and body fat distribution. In addition various measures of regional adiposity and body fat distribution had similar associations (after removing age and BMI effects) with the metabolic variables in both ethnic groups. The conclusion is that no significant ethnic heterogeneity in the association of BMI and various measures of regional adiposity and body fat distribution on FBG, TC, and SBP and DBP between adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males was found.Relation entre l'indice de corpulence, la distribution corporelle de la graisse, l'adiposité et des facteurs de risque du diabète non insulino-dépendant chez des adultes caucasiens et migrants pakistanais : Résumé. — Cette étude transversale se propose d'analyser, sur un échantillon de 262 hommes caucasiens et de 100 migrants pakistanais résidant à Peterborough, East Anglia (Angleterre), âgés de plus de 19 ans, l'effet de l'indice de corpulence (BMI) et de la distribution corporelle de la graisse et de l'adiposité sur quatre facteurs de risque du diabète non insulino-dépendant : la glycémie à jeun (FBG), la cholestérolémie totale (TC) et les pressions artérielles systolique et diastolique (SBP et DBP). Aucune hétérogénéité ethnique significative n'est observée pour l'association du BMI avec les variables métaboliques et la pression artérielle pas plus que ne sont observées de différences significatives dans les associations des différentes mesures avec la distribution de l'adiposité et avec la graisse corporelle. De plus, certaines de ces dernières mesures présentent des associations identiques (après avoir tenu compte des effets de l'âge et du BMI) dans les deux groupes ethniques. La conclusion est donc qu'il n'est pas trouvé d'hétérogénéité significative d'origine ethnique pour l'association entre le BMI et divers mesures de la distribution de l'adiposité et de la graisse corporelle d'une part et FBG, TC, SBP et DBP de l'autre.Bose Kaushik, Mascie-Taylor C.G.N. Relationship of body mass index, regional adiposity and body fat distribution with some risk factors of NIDDM in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 9 fascicule 3-4, 1997. pp. 279-290

Facialmetric similarities mediate mate choice: sexual imprinting on opposite-sex parents

A retraction has been publishe

Relationships Estimated by Isonymy among the Italo-Greco Villages of Southern Italy

Surnames of parents and grandparents were collected from 1993 children in the primary schools of the thirteen Italo-Greco communes that lie in two areas, four communes in Reggio Calabria in the “toe” of Italy and nine in Lecce in the “heel.” The coefficients of relationship by isonymy show almost no relationship between the two areas. The smaller area in Reggio Calabria Provincehas consistently larger coefficients of relationship between communes than the larger area in Lecce Province. The difference can be ascribed to greater accumulated random isonymy in the smaller area. These populations are not genetic isolates, but each area shows a degree of cohesiveness with respect to surnames that suggests that they are genetically somewhat distinct. Contiguous pairs of communes tend to have higher coefficients of relationship than pairs of communes separated by intervening communes

Relationships Estimated by Isonymy among the Italo-Greco Villages of Southern Italy

Surnames of parents and grandparents were collected from 1993 children in the primary schools of the thirteen Italo-Greco communes that lie in two areas, four communes in Reggio Calabria in the “toe” of Italy and nine in Lecce in the “heel.” The coefficients of relationship by isonymy show almost no relationship between the two areas. The smaller area in Reggio Calabria Provincehas consistently larger coefficients of relationship between communes than the larger area in Lecce Province. The difference can be ascribed to greater accumulated random isonymy in the smaller area. These populations are not genetic isolates, but each area shows a degree of cohesiveness with respect to surnames that suggests that they are genetically somewhat distinct. Contiguous pairs of communes tend to have higher coefficients of relationship than pairs of communes separated by intervening communes