Using Conservative Estimation for Conditional Probability instead of Ignoring Infrequent Case

There are several estimators of conditional probability from observed frequencies of features. In this paper, we propose using the lower limit of confidence interval on posterior distribution determined by the observed frequencies to ascertain conditional probability. In our experiments, this method outperformed other popular estimators.Comment: The 2016 International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Application (ICAICTA2016

Linking Contexts from Distinct Data Sources in Zero Trust Federation

An access control model called Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) has attracted attention. ZTA uses information of users and devices, called context, for authentication and authorization. Zero Trust Federation (ZTF) has been proposed as a framework for extending an idea of identity federation to support ZTA. ZTF defines CAP as the entity that collects context and provides it to each organization (Relying Party; RP) that needs context for authorization based on ZTA. To improve the quality of authorization, CAPs need to collect context from various data sources. However, ZTF did not provide a method for collecting context from data sources other than RP. In this research, as a general model for collecting context in ZTF, we propose a method of linking identifiers between the data source and CAP. This method provides a way to collect context from some of such data sources in ZTF. Then, we implemented our method using RADIUS and MDM as data sources and confirmed that their contexts could be collected and used

Stacked phase-space density of galaxies around massive clusters: Comparison of dynamical and lensing masses

We present a measurement of average histograms of line-of-sight velocities over pairs of galaxies and galaxy clusters. Since the histogram can be measured at different galaxy-cluster separations, this observable is commonly referred to as the stacked phase-space density. We formulate the stacked phase-space density based on a halo-model approach so that the model can be applied to real samples of galaxies and clusters. We examine our model by using an actual sample of massive clusters with known weak-lensing masses and spectroscopic observations of galaxies around the clusters. A likelihood analysis with our model enables us to infer the spherical-symmetric velocity dispersion of observed galaxies in massive clusters. We find the velocity dispersion of galaxies surrounding clusters with their lensing masses of $1.1\times10^{15}\, h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ to be $1180^{+83}_{-70}\, \mathrm{km/s}$ at the 68\% confidence level. Our constraint confirms that the relation between the galaxy velocity dispersion and the host cluster mass in our sample is consistent with the prediction in dark-matter-only N-body simulations under General Relativity. Assuming that the Poisson equation in clusters can be altered by an effective gravitational constant of $G_\mathrm{eff}$, our measurement of the velocity dispersion can place a tight constraint of $0.88 < G_\mathrm{eff}/G_\mathrm{N} < 1.29\, (68\%)$ at length scales of a few Mpc about $2.5$ Giga years ago, where $G_\mathrm{N}$ is the Newton's constant.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Can we use Weak Lensing to Measure Total Mass Profiles of Galaxies on 20 kiloparsec Scales?

Current constraints on dark matter density profiles from weak lensing are typically limited to radial scales greater than 50-100 kpc. In this paper, we explore the possibility of probing the very inner regions of galaxy/halo density profiles by measuring stacked weak lensing on scales of only a few tens of kpc. Our forecasts focus on scales smaller than the equality radius (Req) where the stellar component and the dark matter component contribute equally to the lensing signal. We compute the evolution of Req as a function of lens stellar mass and redshift and show that Req=7-34 kpc for galaxies with the stellar mass of 10^{9.5}-10^{11.5} solar masses. Unbiased shear measurements will be challenging on these scales. We introduce a simple metric to quantify how many source galaxies overlap with their neighbours and for which shear measurements will be challenging. Rejecting source galaxies with close-by companions results in about a 20 per cent decrease in the overall source density. Despite this decrease, we show that Euclid and WFIRST will be able to constrain galaxy/halo density profiles at Req with signal-to-noise ratio >20 for the stellar mass of >10^{10} solar masses. Weak lensing measurements at Req, in combination with stellar kinematics on smaller scales, will be a powerful means by which to constrain both the inner slope of the dark matter density profile as well as the mass and redshift dependence of the stellar initial mass function.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, submitted to MNRAS, included the referee comment

E-Cadherin-Coated Plates Maintain Pluripotent ES Cells without Colony Formation

Embryonic stem (ES) cells cultured on gelatin-coated plates or feeder layers form tight aggregated colonies by the E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions. Here we show that murine ES cells do not make cell-cell contacts or form colonies when cultured on the plate coated with a fusion protein of E-cadherin and IgG Fc domain. The cells in culture retain all ES cell features including pluripotency to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers and germ-line transmission after extended culture. Furthermore, they show a higher proliferative ability, lower dependency on LIF, and higher transfection efficiency than colony-forming conditions. Our results suggest that aggregated colony formation might inhibit diffusion of soluble factors and increase cell-cell communication, which may result in a heterogeneous environment within and between surrounding cells of the colony. This method should enable more efficient and scalable culture of ES cells, an important step towards the clinical application of these cells

トクシマシ ヤカン キュウジツ キュウビョウ シンリョウジョ ノ ゲンジョウ ト カダイ : ショウニ キュウキュウ タイセイ ノ キキ

Night and holiday emergency clinic of Tokushima City（Emergency clinic）was open １９９６ in Tokushima by entrusted Tokushima City Medical Association. Both pediatrics and internal medicine are under treatment as a first emergency clinic. Emergency clinic is open at every night through a year and at daytime on holiday. As Emergency clinic moved to Fureai Kenko-kan in ２０００, patients were convenient to visit and increased gradually in number. In２００５as a designated administrator, Tokushima Medical Association managed Emergency clinic independently. Especially swine influenza was extremely popular as pandemic in ２００９, and the number of patients was above １８０,００ as a new record. The patients were divided about７０％ of pediatrics and about３０％ of internal medicine, and from in and outside of Tokushima City. The main problem is the difficulty of acquisition because of the lack of pediatricians. As for the protection of the emergency system for children in Tokushima Prefecture, residents need enlightenment of decreasing unnecessary and nonurgent visits. So residents are encouraged to keep this emergency system by themselves. We hope emergency medical system for children in Tokushima will be established as soon as possible

Experimental Demonstration of a Programmable 400-Gbps DMT Transceiver with Policy-based Control

We propose a programmable 400-G discrete multi-tone (DMT) transceiver with policy-based control. We experimentally demonstrate the 400-G DMT transceiver enabling either capacity, distance, or energy efficiency priority in a four-node photonic mesh network