カレイ ニヨル カオ ノ ヘンカ ノ ヨソク ガゾウ ノ セイセイ

With the aging of people, the face is suffered slow changes. Therefore it is often difficult to search for the missing child. And this topic is the most interesting one as a topic of the cognitive science. In this paper, we propose a simple method to simulate the aging of the face. First, by adding many faces, two average faces ; the younger one and the older one, are generated. Second, the component of aging of the face is extracted from the difference of two average faces. This component consists of the structure component and the texture component. Third, by adding this component to the subject person\u27s face, a face that is simulated the aging is generated. By this model-based method, relatively natural aging is simulated

Assessing potential countermeasures against the dengue epidemic in non-tropical urban cities

[Background]Dengue is a common mosquito-borne viral disease epidemic especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions where water sanitation is not substantially controlled. However, dengue epidemics sometimes occur in non-tropical urban cities with substantial water sanitary control. Using a mathematical model, we investigate what conditions can be important for a dengue epidemic to occur in an urban city such as Tokyo, where vectors are active only in summer and there are little number of vectors around hosts. [Methods]The model, which is a modified Ross-Macdonald model, consists of two sets of host-vector compartments. The two sets correspond to high-risk and low-risk areas, and only hosts can move between them. Assuming that mosquitoes have constant activity for only 90 days, we assess five potential countermeasures: (1) restricted movement between the two areas, (2) insecticide application, (3) use of repellents, (4) vector control, and (5) isolation of the infected. [Results]The basic reproduction number R 0 and the cumulative number of infected hosts for 90 days are evaluated for each of the five countermeasures. In the cases of Measures 2–5, the cumulative number of the infected for 90 days can be reduced substantially for small R 0 even if R 0>1. Although R 0 for Measure 1 monotonically decreases with the mobility rates, the cumulative number of the infected for 90 days has a maximum at a moderate mobility rate. If the mobility rate is sufficiently small, the restricted movement effectively increases the number density of vectors in the high-risk area, and the epidemic starts earlier in the high-risk area than in the low-risk one, while the growth of infections is slow. [Conclusions]Measures 2–5 are more or less effective. However, Measure 1 can have the opposite effect, depending on the mobility rates. The restricted movement results in the formation of a kind of core population, which can promote the epidemic in the entire population