近代中国農村社会における共同体の解体とその残滓に関する史的考察

金沢大学経済学部本研究の目的は、戦前期に日本の南満州鉄道等が実施した中国華北地方の農村調査を分析して、一般に近代社会の成立において解体されたと理解される「共同体」、特に「農村共同体」に焦点をあわせ、中国近代史において「共同体」の解体過程とその残滓について歴史的考察を加えようとするものである。本研究がそのような目的を設定する背景には、近年の中国において「人民公社」が解体し、農業生産責任制に移行するなかで、「共同体」的な農業慣行が復活しているという事実に起因する。なお本年度は、前述の農村調査に一つである『中国農村慣行調査』および『冀東地区農村実態調査』で取り上げられた河北省・山東省の農村を都市近郊型農村・商品作物生産を中心とする農村・伝統的社会構成を強固に維持する農村に類型分けし、各農村が1930年代および40年代にいかなる経済構造のもとに、いかなる社会運動を展開し、解放に至ったか整理分類し、さらに農業慣行の実態を明らかにし、新中国成立後の段階でいかなる役割をもって農業集団化に至ったか検討し、改めて中国農村における「共同体」の解体の意味を考察するという研究計画を立てた。そこで台湾より復刊された『民国二十年代中国大陸土地問題資料』等の中国近代経済史関係図書購入し、『中国農村慣行調査』および『冀東地区農村実態調査』等で取り上げられた地域または近隣の農村を中心とした歴史的変容過程を、最近中国華北地方で実施された実態調査に基づく研究成果との比較検討作業をも含めて、農業慣行の変化を中心に再構成してみた。その結果伝統的な農業慣行を中心に同族的結合に基づく共同労働が村落の運営に重要な役割を持っていたこと、さらに農業慣行の一部は新中国において集団化に至るなかでも生産隊を核とした村落結合において重要な役割を持っていたことが明らかになった。研究課題/領域番号:02630039, 研究期間(年度):1990出典：研究課題「近代中国農村社会における共同体の解体とその残滓に関する史的考察」課題番号02630039（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02630039/）を加工して作

Conduction Effect of Thermal Radiation in a Metal Shield Pipe in a Cryostat for a Cryogenic Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detector

A large heat load caused by thermal radiation through a metal shield pipe was observed in a cooling test of a cryostat for a prototype of a cryogenic interferometric gravitational wave detector. The heat load was approximately 1000 times larger than the value calculated by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. We studied this phenomenon by simulation and experiment and found that it was caused by the conduction of thermal radiation in a metal shield pipe.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Submitted to Jpn. J. Appl. Phy

Surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients over the age of 80 years old

From 1979 to 1986, pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma were performed in twelve patients over age 80. There were ten men and twowomen. The ages of the patients were 81 in three, 82 in three, 83 in four and 84 in two. The histologic cell types were adenocarcinoma in seven patients, squamous cell carcinoma in four, and large cell carcinoma in one. Eight patients were Stage I (T1 N0 M0 4 and T2 N0 M0 4) 3 were Stage III (T2 N2 M0 2 and T3 N1 M0 1) and one was Stage VI. The operative procedures undertaken were lobectomy in 5, segmentectomy in 3 and wedge resection in 4. Mediastinal nodes dissection was performed in 6 patients. There were ten curative resection and 2 were incurative. No operative deaths occured. 6 patients had dies, 2 of their disease, 2 of gastric cancer and 2 of other disease 5-50 months after operation. 6 patients are alive and well without disease 10-54 months after surgery. The results of this report indicate that pulmonary resections can be performed safely with low mortality and longterm survival in the patients over the age of 80. Because pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma remains the only effective form of therapy, the decision on whether to perform a pulmonary resections in patients over age 80 should be based not on age but on the patient\u27s cardiovascular status and pulmonary reserve

The effectiveness of a health promotion program using the International Organization for Standardization in Klongyong and Nikhompattana, Thailand

ArticleAsian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13(3): 187-192, (2020)journal articl

The Effect of Surgical Repair for Pectum Excavatum on Cardiopulmonary Function

In five patients with corrective surgery for pectus Excavatum, the effectiveness of surgical repair were evaluated from the results of pulmonary function test as well as the finding on ECG according to follow-up study postoperativelly. Of five patient undergone the corrective surgery which sternoturnover with costalplasty employed in 4, and sternoplasty alone in I, all of them were male and the average age except 3 years of age was 14.8 years ranging from 10 to 21 years. There are no manifestation of clinical syndrome in all 5 cases. However, the fair mental growth demands psychologically the early corrective surgery in young chidren. By follow-up study after surgical correction for pectus excavatum during a period from 3 months to 3 years and 3 months, the finding on EKG of right ventricular overload revealed the improvement within 2 months after surgical correction in contrast the results of pulmonary function test disclosed no marked changes until 2 months following surgery. From the view of cosmetic efficacy of corrective surgery, sternoturnover with or without costalplasty are one of the adovocating operative procedures

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most outstanding questions in astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope and it started in March 2014. This paper presents the first public data release of HSC-SSP. This release includes data taken in the first 1.7 years of observations (61.5 nights) and each of the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep layers covers about 108, 26, and 4 square degrees down to depths of i~26.4, ~26.5, and ~27.0 mag, respectively (5sigma for point sources). All the layers are observed in five broad bands (grizy), and the Deep and UltraDeep layers are observed in narrow bands as well. We achieve an impressive image quality of 0.6 arcsec in the i-band in the Wide layer. We show that we achieve 1-2 per cent PSF photometry (rms) both internally and externally (against Pan-STARRS1), and ~10 mas and 40 mas internal and external astrometric accuracy, respectively. Both the calibrated images and catalogs are made available to the community through dedicated user interfaces and database servers. In addition to the pipeline products, we also provide value-added products such as photometric redshifts and a collection of public spectroscopic redshifts. Detailed descriptions of all the data can be found online. The data release website is https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.Comment: 34 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables, moderate revision, accepted for publication in PAS

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

HTLV-1 bZIP Factor Induces T-Cell Lymphoma and Systemic Inflammation In Vivo

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of a neoplastic disease of CD4+ T cells, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and inflammatory diseases including HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, dermatitis, and inflammatory lung diseases. ATL cells, which constitutively express CD25, resemble CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Approximately 60% of ATL cases indeed harbor leukemic cells that express FoxP3, a key transcription factor for Treg cells. HTLV-1 encodes an antisense transcript, HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), which is expressed in all ATL cases. In this study, we show that transgenic expression of HBZ in CD4+ T cells induced T-cell lymphomas and systemic inflammation in mice, resembling diseases observed in HTLV-1 infected individuals. In HBZ-transgenic mice, CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and effector/memory CD4+ T cells increased in vivo. As a mechanism of increased Treg cells, HBZ expression directly induced Foxp3 gene transcription in T cells. The increased CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in HBZ transgenic mice were functionally impaired while their proliferation was enhanced. HBZ could physically interact with Foxp3 and NFAT, thereby impairing the suppressive function of Treg cells. Thus, the expression of HBZ in CD4+ T cells is a key mechanism of HTLV-1-induced neoplastic and inflammatory diseases