510 research outputs found
Heat conduction tuning using the wave nature of phonons
The world communicates to our senses of vision, hearing and touch in the
language of waves, as the light, sound, and even heat essentially consist of
microscopic vibrations of different media. The wave nature of light and sound
has been extensively investigated over the past century and is now widely used
in modern technology. But the wave nature of heat has been the subject of
mostly theoretical studies, as its experimental demonstration, let alone
practical use, remains challenging due to the extremely short wavelengths of
these waves. Here we show a possibility to use the wave nature of heat for
thermal conductivity tuning via spatial short-range order in phononic crystal
nanostructures. Our experimental and theoretical results suggest that
interference of thermal phonons occurs in strictly periodic nanostructures and
slows the propagation of heat. This finding broadens the methodology of heat
transfer engineering by expanding its territory to the wave nature of heat
CMA-ES with Learning Rate Adaptation: Can CMA-ES with Default Population Size Solve Multimodal and Noisy Problems?
The covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is one of the
most successful methods for solving black-box continuous optimization problems.
One practically useful aspect of the CMA-ES is that it can be used without
hyperparameter tuning. However, the hyperparameter settings still have a
considerable impact, especially for difficult tasks such as solving multimodal
or noisy problems. In this study, we investigate whether the CMA-ES with
default population size can solve multimodal and noisy problems. To perform
this investigation, we develop a novel learning rate adaptation mechanism for
the CMA-ES, such that the learning rate is adapted so as to maintain a constant
signal-to-noise ratio. We investigate the behavior of the CMA-ES with the
proposed learning rate adaptation mechanism through numerical experiments, and
compare the results with those obtained for the CMA-ES with a fixed learning
rate. The results demonstrate that, when the proposed learning rate adaptation
is used, the CMA-ES with default population size works well on multimodal
and/or noisy problems, without the need for extremely expensive learning rate
tuning.Comment: Nominated for the best paper of GECCO'23 ENUM Track. We have
corrected the error of Eq.(7
Improvement of Cylindrical Deep Drawability in Hot Stamping
AbstractDeep drawability of steel sheets in hot stamping was investigated. In the case of deep drawing with a conventional die, the forming limit was significantly lower because the temperature of the sheet metal at the flange part decreased during the forming and the flow resistance increased. Therefore, the blank holding method to avoid temperature decrease at flange part of sheet metal was studied. In this study, application of gap supports and forming without blank holder were investigated. In the former method, the gap supports made clearance at the flange part. In the latter method, the blank holder was located at the lower dead point from the beginning of forming and the flange part of the blank was free during forming. The forming limit in both cases was improved as compared with that in the conventional blank holding method. For the application of gap supports, the limiting drawing ratio was also evaluated. In this experiment, the maximum value of limiting drawing ratio was 1.71
Comparison of crystal structures and effects of Co substitution in a new member of Fe-1111 superconductor family AeFeAsF(Ae = Ca and Sr): a possible candidate for higher Tc superconductor
We refined crystal structures of newly found members of the Fe-1111
superconductor family, CaFe\_{1-x}Co\_{x}AsF and SrFe\_{1-x}Co\_{x}AsF (x = 0,
0.06, 0.12) by powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The tetragonal to
orthorhombic phase transitions were observed at ~120 K for unsubstituted
CaFeAsF and at ~180 K for unsubstituted SrFeAsF, the transition temperatures
agreeing with kinks observed in temperature-dependent resistivity curves.
Although the transition temperature decreases, the structural phase transitions
were observed below 100 K in both samples of x = 0.06, and finally they were
suppressed in the doping level of x = 0.12. The refined structures reveal that
distortions of the FeAs4 tetrahedron from the regular tetrahedron likely
originate from mismatches in atomic radii among the constituent elements. In
this system, the enlarged FeAs4 tetrahedron resulting from larger radius of Sr
than that of Ca is flattened along a-b plane, whereas the smaller radius of Ca
makes the tetrahedron closer to regular one, and their characteristic shapes
are further enhanced by Co substitution. These results suggest that the CaFeAsF
compound is a promising candidate for higher-Tc superconductor.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, Supplementary information is included
at the end of the documen
Brugada ショウコウグン ト ソノ トリアツカイ
In 1992, Brugada brothers reported 8 patients with aborted sudden death withoutorganic heart disease and exhibiting a characteristic ECG pattern of right bundle branch block(RBBB) and ST-segment elevation in right precordial leads (V1-V3). The syndrome is afamilial disease and most frequently diagnosed in middle-aged men of Asian origin. Thearrhythmic events such as polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation(VF) are frequently generated during sleep. The Brugada syndrome has been linked tomutations in SCN5A, the gene encording for the -subunit of the sodium channel. Sodiumchannel blockers (class IA and IC) identify the risk of sudden death in patients with thesyndrome. Implantation of ICD is the only effective treatment of the VF for Brugadasyndrome. The Brugada-type ECG in annual health examinations for adult citizens is not avery rare condition in Japan. Although it is reported that the mortality of subjects with theBrugada-type ECG in a community-based population is low compared with the mortalityseen in a hospital-based study, there is also a report of the example of death in asymptomaticcases and the further study about a prognosis of Brugada syndrome is required
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