Experiences and Perspectives of Clinical Supervisors in Cross-Cultural Supervision: The Impact of Supervisor Race and Ethnicity

This qualitative study explored experiences of racial and ethnic minority supervisors in cross-cultural supervision in the counseling related fields in the U.S. or Canada. Five supervisors from different countries of origin participated. Both their general experiences in supervision and the ways in which the racial and ethnic minority supervisors managed cultural discussions and the supervisors\u27 own needs were examined in supervision. The phenomenological study sought to describe the essence of the racial and ethnic minority supervisors in cross-cultural supervision and identified several themes grounded in their experiences: (a) distinct experiences as racial and ethnic minority supervisors; (b) managing diversity issues with cultural focus (challenging supervisees with diversity issues; using self-disclosure); (c) embracing the difference and its challenges (managing diversity issues universally; using a difference as a motivator and strength); (d) support and mentorship are critical to success. While there are some limitations, this study contributes to the growing body of literature about multicultural supervision and the approaches to improve the counselor education and training and the quality of clinical work. Finally, recommendations for supervision practice, counselor educators and trainers, and future research are discussed

Experiences and Perspectives of Clinical Supervisors in Cross-Cultural Supervision: The Impact of Supervisor Race and Ethnicity

This qualitative study explored experiences of racial and ethnic minority supervisors in cross-cultural supervision in the counseling related fields in the U.S. or Canada. Five supervisors from different countries of origin participated. Both their general experiences in supervision and the ways in which the racial and ethnic minority supervisors managed cultural discussions and the supervisors\u27 own needs were examined in supervision. The phenomenological study sought to describe the essence of the racial and ethnic minority supervisors in cross-cultural supervision and identified several themes grounded in their experiences: (a) distinct experiences as racial and ethnic minority supervisors; (b) managing diversity issues with cultural focus (challenging supervisees with diversity issues; using self-disclosure); (c) embracing the difference and its challenges (managing diversity issues universally; using a difference as a motivator and strength); (d) support and mentorship are critical to success. While there are some limitations, this study contributes to the growing body of literature about multicultural supervision and the approaches to improve the counselor education and training and the quality of clinical work. Finally, recommendations for supervision practice, counselor educators and trainers, and future research are discussed

Role of Inorganic and Organic Fractions in Animal Manure Compost in Lead Immobilization and Microbial Activity in Soil

This study aimed to identify how the ratio of inorganic-to-organic components in animal manure compost (AMC) affected both lead immobilization and microbial activity in lead-contaminated soil. When AMC containing 50% or more inorganic fraction with high phosphorous content was applied to contaminated soil, the amounts of water-soluble lead in it were suppressed by over 88% from the values in the soil without compost. The residual fraction under sequential extraction increased with the inorganic fraction in the AMC; however, in those AMCs, the levels of microbial enzyme activity were the same or less than those in the control soil. The application of AMC containing 25% inorganic fraction could alter the lead phases to be more insoluble while improving microbial enzyme activities; however, no suppression of the level of water-soluble lead existed during the first 30 days. These results indicate that compost containing an inorganic component of 50% or more with high phosphorus content is suitable for immobilizing lead; however, in the case where low precipitation is expected for a month, AMC containing 25% inorganic component could be used to both immobilize lead and restore microbial activity

Model-Based Engineering Education with Practical Activities Using HEPTA-Sat

In this study, we designed and implemented an education using CubeSat educational kit “HEPTA-Sat” to acquire Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practically. We share the lessons learned there. In the development of complicated systems such as CubeSat, it is difficult to manage requirements and tasks only in the mind, and omissions and inconsistencies may occur. And, in communication between members and document accumulated in the project, there is often a contradiction with the receiver, since there is implicit information which is not clarified in the background. Therefore, by describing a system in a modeling language and managing it by connecting various related information, it is possible to grasp the whole complicated system and its context, and to succeed project management and knowledge management. Therefore, we designed a course to practically acquire approach to realize the above system development and conducted it. The course consisted of overview of Systems Engineering, practical assembly of HEPTA-Sat, explanation of the system model, practical training in mission design and modeling, mission implementation and verification, and presentations. Because modeling is a highly abstract task that describes the structure and behavior of a system graphically, it is difficult for beginners. For this reason, students will practice assembling the HEPTA-Sat, which enables them to learn the basic functions of the satellite system, before handling the system in an abstract manner, and deepen their understanding of the specific system. In modeling, free graphic drawing tool diagrams.net is used, the system is expressed from 3 views (operational, functional, physical), and 2 sides of static and dynamic. A series of flow is presented so that modeling can be performed while maintaining consistency among multiple models. In addition, an example of the mission and system model of HEPTA-Sat was prepared, and it was used to promote the understanding modeling approach. Mission design, modeling, implementation and verification were carried out as a field of the practice of the learned content. Verification Matrix which arranged the verification item by the retrieval from the model and the report which records the result of the verification were also made. They are connected to model by hyperlink as the simple demonstration of connecting model and context. Because it was possible to teach consistently with one thing, positive opinions such as It was easy to understand by dealing with the system from both abstract and concrete aspects. were obtained from the participants. In the last presentation, many students were able to deepen their understanding of the model. Therefore, if the cycle from input to output can be carried out multiple times, it is expected that understanding will improve

肺サーファクタントリン脂質の輸送と分泌 : コルヒチンの影響

The roles of the microtubular system in the transport and secretion of surfactant phospholipids in the lung were studied using colchicine-treated rats, who were administered in vivo by (methyl-3H) choline and (2-3H) glycerol. The radioactivities of phosphatidylcholine, disaturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol were measured in four lung fractions, i.e., lung parenchyma, microsomes, lamellar bodies and alveolar wash, of colchicine-treated animals. The prior injection of colchicine resulted in marked increases in the labels of the phospholipids in microsomes as well as in lamellar bodies, and in the decrease in alveolar wash. These findings suggest that the microtubular system participates not only in the secretion of lamellar bodies into the alveolar space, but also in the translocation of surfactant phospholipids from the synthetic site, i.e., microsomes to lamellar bodies of the store house