研究資料室中央資料庫収蔵資料の公開に向けての取り組みと課題

国立国語研究所 研究情報発信センター 非常勤研究員国立国語研究所 研究情報発信センター 非常勤研究員Adjunct Researcher, Center for Research Resources, NINJALAdjunct Researcher, Center for Research Resources, NINJAL国立国語研究所はこれまで方言，語彙，日本語教育等の様々な調査や研究プロジェクトを実施し，その過程で数多くの研究資料を収集・作成してきた。これらの貴重な研究資料は現在研究資料室に収蔵されているが，国立国語研究所の使命を考えれば研究所内外に広く公開し，日本語の研究・教育活動のために役立てられることが望ましい。本稿では，研究資料室中央資料庫に収蔵されている主に紙媒体の研究資料について，公開に向けて行った準備と，その過程で生じた課題について述べる。The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL) has promoted many collaborative research studies, in areas such as dialects, vocabularies, and Japanese language education, and in the process, has collected and preserved research materials at the Center for Research Resources. Considering NINJAL\u27s mission, it is desirable to open research materials to the public for deserving Japanese language research and education. This paper describes an approach and issue in relation to the public opening of paper research materials

国立国語研究所研究資料室における個人情報の取り扱いについて

国立国語研究所 研究情報発信センター 非常勤研究員国立国語研究所 研究系 言語変化研究領域Adjunct Researcher, Center for Research Resources, NINJALLanguage Change Division, Research Department, NINJAL学術情報・データのオープン化，共有化の流れを踏まえ，国立国語研究所は研究資料室に収蔵されている調査票や録音テープ等の原資料の外部公開へ向けて，検索手段や利用に関する規則等の整備を行った。その過程で収蔵する資料群の中に個人情報を含む研究資料が全体の3割程度存在することが判明した。これらの個人情報の保護と研究資料の利用をどのように両立させるかが研究資料室収蔵資料公開の大きな鍵となった。本稿では，『公文書等の管理に関する法律』や『独立行政法人等の保有する個人情報の保護に関する法律』等の関係する法規を検討しつつ，研究資料を利用・公開するための規程整備について述べる。The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL) has improved and established rules to open research materials to the public, following the direction of open access of scholarly information and data. In the process, it turned out that research materials comprised personal information at the rate of 30 percent. The key to the case is how to achieve a good balance between personal information protection and utilization of research materials. This paper describes the preparation of regulations for utilization of research materials, referring to "Public Records and Archives Management Act" and "Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc.

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Long-term safety and efficacy of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 3-year prospective, controlled, observational study (J-BRAND Registry)

Introduction Given an increasing use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the real-world setting, we conducted a prospective observational study (Japan-based Clinical Research Network for Diabetes Registry: J-BRAND Registry) to elucidate the safety and efficacy profile of long-term usage of alogliptin.Research design and methods We registered 5969 patients from April 2012 through September 2014, who started receiving alogliptin (group A) or other classes of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs; group B), and were followed for 3 years at 239 sites nationwide. Safety was the primary outcome. Symptomatic hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, skin disorders of non-extrinsic origin, severe infections, and cancer were collected as major adverse events (AEs). Efficacy assessment was the secondary outcome and included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and urinary albumin.Results Of the registered, 5150 (group A: 3395 and group B: 1755) and 5096 (3358 and 1738) were included for safety and efficacy analysis, respectively. Group A patients mostly (>90%) continued to use alogliptin. In group B, biguanides were the primary agents, while DPP-4 inhibitors were added in up to ~36% of patients. The overall incidence of AEs was similar between the two groups (42.7% vs 42.2%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the incidence of cancer was significantly higher in group A than in group B (7.4% vs 4.8%, p=0.040), while no significant incidence difference was observed in the individual cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the imbalanced patient distribution (more elderly patients in group A than in group B), but not alogliptin usage per se, contributed to cancer development. The incidence of other major AE categories was with no between-group difference. Between-group difference was not detected, either, in the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. HbA1c and fasting glucose decreased significantly at the 0.5-year visit and nearly plateaued thereafter in both groups.Conclusions Alogliptin as a representative of DPP-4 inhibitors was safe and durably efficacious when used alone or with other OHAs for patients with type 2 diabetes in the real world setting