Correction: The effect of activated protein C on experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

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The effect of activated protein C on experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis is a local inflammatory process that leads to a systemic inflammatory response in the majority of cases. Bacterial contamination has been estimated to occur in 30–40% of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Development of pancreatic necrosis depends mainly on the degree of inflammation and on the microvascular circulation of the pancreatic tissue. Activated protein C (APC) is known to inhibit coagulation and inflammation, and to promote fibrinolysis in patients with severe sepsis. We investigated the effects of APC on histopathology, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Rats were randomly allocated to three groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced in group II (positive control; n = 15) and group III (treatment; n = 15) rats by retrograde injection of taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Group I rats (sham; n = 15) received an injection of normal saline into the common biliopancreatic duct to mimic a pressure effect. Group III rats were treated with intravenous APC 6 hours after induction of pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissue and blood samples were obtained from all animals for histopathological examination and assessment of amylase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 levels in serum. Bacterial translocation to pancreas and mesenteric lymph nodes was measured. RESULTS: Acute pancreatitis developed in all groups apart from group I (sham), as indicated by microscopic parenchymal necrosis, fat necrosis and abundant turbid peritoneal fluid. Histopathological pancreatitis scores in the APC-treated group were lower than in positive controls (10.31 ± 0.47 versus 14.00 ± 0.52; P < 0.001). Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and to pancreas in the APC-treated group was significantly decreased compared with controls (P < 0.02 and P < 0.007, respectively). Serum amylase, tumor necrosis factor--α, and IL-6 levels were also significantly decreased in comparison with positive controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: APC improved the severity of pancreatic tissue histology, superinfection rates and serum markers of inflammation during the course of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

GERİATRİ PRATİĞİNDE RASYONEL FARMAKOTERAPİ

Yaşlanma doğumla başlayıp ölüme kadar devam eden hem genetik hem de çevresel bileşenle-rin etkilediği çok faktörlü bir süreçtir. Canlılarda yaşlanma ilerleyici ve geri dönüşümsüzdür.İlerleyen yaş ile birlikte ortaya çıkan heterojen değişiklikler fonksiyonellikte gerilemeye yolaçmaktadır. Yaşlanma sürecini anlamak ve iyileştirebilmek için birçok farklı mekanizma ortayaatılmıştır. Bu bölümde en sık kabul gören yaşlanma teorileri özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Aging is a multifactorial process that starts with birth and continues until death, affected byboth genetic and environmental components. Aging in living things is progressive and irrevers-ible. Heterogeneous changes that occur with advancing age lead to a decline in functionality.Many different mechanisms have been proposed to understand and improve the aging process.In this section, the most widely accepted aging theories are tried to be summarized.</p

Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment improves hepatocyte ultrastructure in rat liver fibrosis

AIM: To examine the ultrastructural changes after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment in hepatocytes from experimentally induced fibrotic livers