Combined Proteomic and Molecular Approaches for Cloning and Characterization of Copper–Zinc Superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD2) from Garlic (Allium sativum)

International audienc

Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques

Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. It was found that the employed pretreatments did not significantly affect the cellulose crystallinity; however, they both increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility. This later reached 97.5% in the case of LHW pretreatment. Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process

PESQUISAS INTERNACIONAIS RECENTES EM ESTRUTURA DE CAPITAL

Capital Structure is still one of controversial themes in corporate finance, which allows many research activities both on the theories that have been widely discussed but also on the several interrelationships with other corporate aspects. The aim of this article was to review the most recent academic publication of researches involving capital structure of the firms. This study focuses on the last 3 years, from 2011 to 2013, and on the international scientific journals in Finance that present the highest impact factors, namely: The Review of Financial Studies, The Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics e Journal of Banking & Finance. Despite of having been widely discussed, the differences between the main theories on capital structure, the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory, are still object of researches – however, maybe for being the most recent, the theory of equity market timing has been the most discussed theme in the last 3 years. Besides these topics, the researchers have dealt with many aspects of the corporate variables that are direct or indirectly associated with the capital structure decisions. This article presents a brief summary of several publications allowing a general overview on the recent researches.A estrutura de capital ainda é um dos temas controversos em finanças corporativas e ainda propicia muitas pesquisas tanto nas teorias já amplamente discutidas como também nos diversos inter-relacionamentos com outros aspectos corporativos. O objetivo deste artigo foi de fazer uma revisão das publicações recentes que envolvam estudos sobre a estrutura de capital das empresas. A pesquisa foi focada nos últimos 3 anos, de 2011 a 2013, e nas revistas acadêmicas internacionais na área de finanças que apresentam os maiores fatores de impacto, a saber: The Review of Financial Studies, The Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics e Journal of Banking & Finance. Apesar de amplamente discutidas, as diferenças entre as principais teorias sobre a estrutura de capital, a teoria do trade-off e a teoria do pecking order, ainda são pesquisadas – entretanto, talvez por ser mais recente, a teoria do equity market timing é o que mais tem sido analisado nos últimos três anos. Além desses tópicos, os pesquisadores têm tratado de muitos aspectos das variáveis corporativas que direta ou indiretamente estão associados com as decisões de estrutura de capital. Este trabalho apresenta um sumário sucinto das diversas publicações permitindo uma visão geral das pesquisas