Impact of Skeletal Malocclusion on Quality of Life

Introduction: nowadays, one of the remarkable issues in dentistry is jaw growth pattern and tooth and mouth conditions (oral conditions) on patients' quality of life and daily activities. This study was done to evaluate skeletal malocclusion effect on the quality of life and oral health in Ahvaz. Methods: 80 people with skeletal malocclusion and 80 people with normal skeletal occlusion (control) participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection tools included: demographic and oral health impact questionnaires. Results: there is not any significant difference between average quality of life of people with Cl III and Cl II skeletal (p=0.761), but there is a meaningful relation between Cl II skeletal and normal skeletal groups and also between Cl III skeletal and normal skeletal groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: according to social and moral issues importance in raising the quality of life score and because study results showed that these patients are not in good condition of that, considering different moral and social aspects of oral condition in presenting dentistry services are suggested to develop general quality of lif

The impact of motivational interviewing on relapse to substance use among women in Iran: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Women in Iran are in great need of effective substance abuse services. The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) for women in treatment for drug use in Iran. Method: The sample (N = 60) included women in a drug treatment center in Qazvin (Iran) from August to December of 2017. The research sample included 60 female drug users randomly assigned to MI or Standard Care (SC). Prior to randomization women completed a baseline questionnaire and the Relapse Prediction Scale (RPS), which measures desire (urge) to use and probability of using/not using in risky situations (self-efficacy). MI consisted of eight 60-min group sessions over a 1-month period, twice weekly. At 2-months follow-up, data were gathered using a questionnaire similar to baseline. Mixed Model Analysis were used to determine group differences. Results: Mean age of participants was 30 years and average addiction duration was 7 years. Although the scores of the desire to use and the probability of drug use were not significant before the intervention, after the intervention, scores on desire to use and probability of use improved about 81.1% (F: 2230.15, P \u3c 0.001, degrees of freedom: 63, 15) and 81.9%, (F: 749.39, P \u3c 0.001, degrees of freedom: 79, 77), respectively, compared to those of control group. Conclusion: The results showed that motivational interviewing could decrease desire to use and probability of use among female drug users. Motivational interviewing could play an important role in improving women’s health in Iran

Comparing the Quantitative and Qualitative Components of IOTN Index in Determining the Orthodontic Treatment Need in Ahvaz, Iran

Background: This study aimed to compare the quantitative and qualitative components of IOTN index in determining the orthodontic treatment needed in High school students in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 356 students aged 15-18 years. The samples were selected by cluster stratified method and the information was collected using IOTN index and clinical examinations. Statistical data were obtained using the descriptive analysis and chi-square test (P <0.05). Results: The findings showed that 51.94% of males and 80.5% of females had no or little treatment need, 17.94% of males and 3% of females had moderate and 30.12% of males and 16.5% of females had severe or extreme treatment needs. Regarding the aesthetic component of (AC), based on the student’s point of view, 76.5% of males and 98.8% of females had no or little need, 15.2% of males and 1.3% of females had moderate need and 8.3% of males and 0% of females had severe or extreme treatment need. According to the dentist's opinion, 93.6% of males and 90% of females had no or little need, 5.1% of males and 4.5% of females had moderate needs, 1.3% of males and 5.5% of females had definite needs for treatment. Comparing the DHC and the AC showed that the DHC-based orthodontic treatment need is higher. Conclusion: Occlusion-based judgment is more accurate and less complex. Aesthetic-based judgment is descriptive, indefinite, and individualized, and depends on a variety of social, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors, and is more complex. Therefore, in order to achieve a better quality of life, it is recommended to consider the aesthetic and appearance-related factors based on the patient's opinion

Relationship between Malocclusion and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among High School Students

Background and Objective: Currently, the effect of oral and dental condition on patients' quality of life and daily activities is an important issue in dentistry. Regarding this, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among high school pupils in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 high school students (age range: 14-18) in Ahvaz city in 2016. The study population was selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Oral Impact on Daily Performance, and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) using the Spearman correlation test and One-way ANOVA. Results: The mean quality of life was obtained as 6.48±19.47. The results demonstrated that the oral and dental conditions of 26.6% of the participants affected their quality of life. Oral condition was found to mostly affect smiling (15.6%), followed by emotional situations (9.9%). There was no significant relationship between the mean oral health-related quality of life score and the dental health component of IOTN (P=0.130). However, a significant correlation was observed between the oral health-related quality of life and the aesthetic component of IOTN (P=0.004). Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, the high school students did not have a favorable oral health-related quality of life. Given the importance of oral and dental health in improving the overall quality of life, it is recommended to consider the various social and psychological impacts of oral and dental health in the delivery of dental services to enhance the overall quality of life in the community

Social factors influencing treatment interruption in Tuberculosis Patients: A qualitative stud

Background and Aims: Positive smear pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) patients sometimes interrupt their treatment. They may consequently result in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains (MDR-TB) in the community. This study was aimed to explore social factors influencing the treatment interruption in these patients.Materials and Methods: Purposeful sampling method with maximum variance was employed in this qualitative research. Data gathering process were included unstructured in-depth interviews with totally 37 persons (26 patients, 5 their family members and 6 concerning therapy supervisors), patients’ medical records, as well as recorded information in both Tuberculosis register program and Tuberculosis registration office kept in health care centers. Concurrently with data gathering, they were analyzed through ongoing comparisons. Also the participants in the study informed consent was obtained. Results: Based on the findings of this study, social factors influencing treatment interruption in Tuberculosis patients were included six sub-categories: lack of social support, TB-related stigma, work issues, poverty, as well as imprisonment and drug abuse during the course of treatment. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that family members and therapy supervisors need appropriate interventions in order to decrease social factors influencing treatment interruption in Tuberculosis patients. Key words: Social Factors, Tuberculosis Treatment Interruption, Qualitative Stud

Effectiveness of message-framing to improve oral health behaviors and dental plaque among pregnant women

Background: Oral health is considered a prominent factor that contributes to quality of life. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence oral health. Message framing can play an important role in oral health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of message framing on oral health and dental plaque among pregnant women. Methods: The study was conducted in 2017 on 108 pregnant women in Izeh county, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The research instrument included a two part questionnaire containing demographic information and oral health knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, practice, and dental plaque index. Gain-and loss-framed messages were sent to the intervention groups via cell phone texts, but the control group did not receive any messages. Participant dental plaque was clinically assessed. Analysis of covariance with follow-up tests were performed using SPSS version, 23.0 with p-value set at 0.01 for significance. Results: Intervention groups had better oral health (knowledge, atttitude, intention, efficacy, practices and plaque) scores compared to the control group (p \u3c 0.001), but intervention (gain- vs loss-framed) groups did not differ on outcomes. Conclusion: Text message intervention improved knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, practice, and dental plaque among pregnant women. While differences between control and both intervention groups indicated text messaging had an impact on oral health outcomes, message framing (i.e., gain vs loss) had no discernable impact on oral health outcomes

Prevalence and factors associated with disruptive behavior among Iranian students during 2015: a cross-sectional study

Background: Disruptive behavior can have lifetime consequences for youth. Prevention, early identification and treatment of disruptive behavior can improve outcomes for these youth. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of disruptive behavior among a sample of Iranian youth, and the relationship of disruptive behavior to other psychological phenomena that may be targeted for prevention, early identification and treatment. Method: The sample consisted of 600 high school students (300 boys and 300 girls; ages 15 to 18 years old) selected through multi-stage random sampling in Saveh city, of Iran, in 2015. Questionnaires assessed several phenomena including demographics, life satisfaction, social support, depression, stress, smoking and hopefulness. The Disruptive Behavior Scale was also utilized. Univariate analyses were followed by multiple logistic regressions to examine relations among disruptive behavior and other constructs. Results: Prevalence of disruptive behavior was 7.5%, in boys and 3.1%, in girls. Mean scores were 22.97 ± 1.17 for boys and 19.15 ± 1.06 for girls, with a significant difference between them (P \u3c 0.05). The results of regression revealed low life satisfaction (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: (2.37–5.91), social support (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: (0.56–0.82) and hopefulness (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: (0.62–0.92); and smoking (OR = 3.65; 95% CI: (2.19–6.06), being male (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: (1.54–4.22), and higher stress (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: (1.60–2.91) and depression (OR = 2.76; 95% CI: (1.82–4.88) were significant factors in predicting disruptive behavior. Conclusion: Disruptive behavior was associted with life satisfaction, smoking, being a boy, social support, hopefulness, stress, and depression. Targeting constructs (e.g., support, stress) associated with disruptive behavior may assist in prevention, early identification and treatment of problem behavior. For example, health promotion programs to increase hopefulness, satisfaction and support, and reduce stress, depression and smoking might be of importance for prevention and treatment of disruptive behavior

A quasi-experimental study to improve health service quality: implementing communication and self-efficacy skills training to primary healthcare workers in two counties in Iran

Background: Service satisfaction ratings from clients are a good indicator of service quality. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of communication skills and self-efficacy training for healthcare workers on clients’ satisfaction. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in health centers of Saveh University of Medical Science in Iran. Primary Healthcare (PHC; N = 105) workers and service recipients (N = 364) were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received four 90-min training sessions consisting of lecture, film screening, role-playing, and discussion group. Before and 3 months after the intervention, a multi-part questionnaire (including demographics, self-efficacy and communication skills in PHC workers; and satisfaction questionnaire in service recipients) was completed by participants in both intervention and control groups. Results: PHC worker mean scores of self-efficacy and communication skills after the educational program were increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p \u3c 0.05). Also, mean satisfaction scores for service recipients of the intervention group (PHC workers) generally significantly increased compared to the control group (p \u3c 0.001). Conclusions: The educational program improved the self-efficacy, and communication skills in health workers and improved client satisfaction overall. Our results support the application of self-efficacy and communication skills training for other medical groups who wish to improve clients satisfaction as an important health services outcome

Application of Freire\u27s adult education model in modifying the psychological constructs of health belief model in self-medication behaviors of older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Self-medication by older adults has been always a public health concern. The present study aimed to modify the psychological constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM) in relation to self-medication behaviors using Freire\u27s Adult Education Model (FAEM) among older adults in Khorramabad, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. METHODS: The mean age of the older adults was 66.28 ± 7.18 years. This was a randomized controlled trial study conducted on 132 individuals older than 60 who were referred from different health care centers. The participants were selected using multistage sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire which was designed based on both HBM and self-medication behaviors questionnaire. The phase of adult education model (AEM) was used to modify the psychological constructs of HBM and self-medication behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 with a significant level of 0.05. Descriptive statistical tests, chi-squared test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and univariate modeling were employed for the purpose of analyzing data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of self-medication. Unawareness of the effects of medicine were the most important reason for self-medication (p = 0.50). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of knowledge, HBM constructs, and self-medication behaviors (p \u3e 0.05). However, they came up to be considerably different for the above variables after the intervention was implemented (p \u3c  0.05). When the findings were adjusted for the effects of confounding variables, there were significant differences between the two groups in almost all constructs of HBM and their behaviors (p \u3c  0.05). However, the perceived barrier modality of HBM did not reach to a significant level of difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention, which was based on Freire\u27s AEM, had positive effects on the constructs of HBM and consequently on self-medication behaviors. The psychological constructs of HBM were affected at the phases of listening to problems. Self-medication was tempered at the action-reflection phase with shared creation and evaluation of the action plan geared toward the achievement of the behavioral objectives. The results might be of importance to healthcare professionals involved in care of older patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials IRCT2013091814512N2. Registered on January 2 - prospectively registered, the trial was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry http://www.irct.ir

Disruptive behavior scale for adolescents (DISBA): development and psychometric properties

Background: Growing evidence indicates that if disruptive behavior is left unidentified and untreated, a significant proportion of these problems will persist and may develop into problems linked with delinquency, substance abuse, and violence. Research is needed to develop valid and reliable measures of disruptive behavior to assist recognition and impact of treatments on disruptive behavior. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale for disruptive behavior in adolescents. Methods: Six hundred high school students (50% girls), ages ranged 15–18 years old, selected through multi stage random sampling. Psychometrics of the disruptive behavior scale for adolescents (DISBA) (Persian version) was assessed through content validity, explanatory factor analysis (EFA) using Varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of this scale was assessed via internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Results: EFA revealed four factors accounting for 59% of observed variance. The final 29-item scale contained four factors: (1) aggressive school behavior, (2) classroom defiant behavior, (3) unimportance of school, and (4) defiance to school authorities. Furthermore, CFA produced a sufficient Goodness of Fit Index \u3e 0.90. Test–retest and internal consistency reliabilities were acceptable at 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that the Iranian version of DISBA questionnaire has content validity. Further studies are needed to evaluate stronger psychometric properties for DISBA