Terminology of separation methods (IUPAC Recommendations 2017)

This article has an erratum. Doi: 10.1515/pac-2021-1006Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods of separation in analytical chemistry, including chromatography, electromigration techniques, and field-flow fractionation and related techniques.Peer reviewe

THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE HEAVY OILS AND OIL RESIDUES

Heavy oil and heavy oil residues often contain a wide range of non-ferrous, rare and noble metals in high concentration. Standard methods of elemental analysis of heavy oil and heavy oil residues does not exist. Two approaches for the oil metalliferous feedstock analysis were proposed. There are direct analysis by ICP-AES and preliminary extraction of metals to the aqueous solution of an inorganic acid, followed by instrumental analysis. The possibility of pre-concentration of metals oil prior to analysis was shown. The developed methods of analysis allows identifying most of the elements in the heavy oil feedstock for a short time with a high degree of reliability

THE POSSIBILITIES OF EXTRACTION APPROACH FOR RECOVERING OF METALS FROM OIL PRODUCTS

The extraction approach for recovering of trace elements from oil/oil products are proposed in this work. It has been shown that most of elements are extracted from oil/oil products to mineral acids solutions. Extraction degree of most valuable metals during the process varies from 75 to 90%. The proposed method could be used as a new cheap, precise and time saving analytical method (as compared to standard methods) of elemental analysis of the oil and the approach for development of effective technology for metal recovery from organic matrices

From the Cultivation of Arthrospira platensis at an Increased CO2 Concentration to the Bio-Oil Production by Hydrothermal Liquefaction

In this work, the path from the cultivation of Arthrospira platensis at an increased concentration of CO2 to the production of bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of the grown biomass is realized. The cultivation was carried out in a 90 L photobioreactor at an initial CO2 concentration of 8 vol.% for 15 days. During the cultivation stage, the optical density for microalgae suspension, pH and chemical composition of nutrient medium were monitored. The grown biomass was separated from the nutrient medium with a 100 µm mesh and then subjected to HTL at 330 °C for 1 h. The biomass growth rate was 82 ± 4.1 mg × L−1day−1 and the pH was in the range from 9.08 ± 0.22 to 8.9 ± 0.24. Biochemical and CHNS analyses were applied for the obtained biomass. The contents of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the grown biomass were 38.7 ± 0.4 wt.%, 37.4 ± 0.5 wt.% and 3.8 ± 0.4 wt.%, respectively. Bio-oil yield after the HTL procedure was 13.8 wt.%. The bio-oil composition and properties were determined by GH-MS, TLC-PID and ICP-MS techniques. ICP-MS revealed the contents of 51 metals in bio-oil