Yeast Enriched with Selenium: A Promising Source of Selenomethionine and Seleno-Proteins

Organic selenium compound such as selenomethionine plays a significant function in response to oxidative stress. Currently Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best organisms that has ability to accumulate selenomethionine and selenium biotransformation. Addition of mineral selenium to medium culture is a very common practice in order to produce the selenomethionine and Seleno-proteins. Due to the toxicity of selenium for yeasts, selenium tolerant yeast isolation procedures are required. The aim of this investigation was to separate indigenous selenium tolerant S.cerevisiae strains which will not be affected by high selenium concentrations and are able to produce high levels of selenomethionine. In this study, 85 samples were collected from fermentative fruit. Screening was carried out in order to select high yeast cell density and also high selenomethionine accumulation. After confirming yeast strains, selected strains were cultured at a concentration of 25 mg/L sodium selenite and selenomethionine content was measured after 48 hours. The S18 isolate showed had maximum biomass production and selenomethionine accumulation (2655 ppm) and (3.73 g/L) compared to the other isolates.Highlights Selenomethionine is an important amino acid that has a significant role against oxidative stress.Addition of inorganic selenium to the yeast media culture leads to produce the selenomethionine.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best organisms for selenium biotransformation

Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Professional Socialization of Nursing Students

Background & Objective: The professional socialization process of the field of nursing begins with entry into nursing education programs and continues with the completion of nursing education and entry into the work environment. In order to improve this process, its reinforcing factors must be identified. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and professional socialization of nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: In this correlational study, after calculating the sample size, all nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in their 6 th, 7th , and 8th semesters were studied. Data collection tools consisted of demographic characteristics questionnaire, Toit’s Professional Socialization Scale, and Shiring/Siberia Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The professional socialization and emotional intelligence of nursing students was above average level. Total emotional intelligence and its subscales had no significant correlation with students’ professional socialization score. However, professional socialization had significant correlation with gender, grade point average of previous semesters, and hope for future career. Conclusion: It seems that the professional socialization of nursing students is impacted by learning in cognitive and psychomotor domains more than by their emotional intelligence. However, considering the importance of the emotional domain in comprehensive and humane care, emotional intelligence skills training seems necessary for students. Key Words: Socialization, Emotional intelligence, Nursing, Student

Nebulized Budesonide vs. Placebo in Adults with Asthma Attack; a Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction: Asthma is one of acute respiratory diseases leading to emergency department (ED) referral. Management of acute attack plays an important role in its outcome. Objective: This trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulized budesonide versus placebo in moderate to severe acute asthma attack in adults in the ED. Method: In this clinical trial, we enrolled patients with acute exacerbation of asthma and standard treatment of acute asthma attack was administered to all of them. 41 patients in our study were randomly entered into 2 groups. In one group, we prescribed nebulized budesonide and in the other group nebulized placebo (normal saline) was administered. Patients’ demographic data, vital signs, symptoms’ acuity and the time of symptom relief, patient and physician satisfaction were all recorded and compared between the 2 groups. All cases were followed and disease outcome, readmission, mortality and morbidity rates were documented. Results: In this study, 20 patients were entered the budesonide group and 19 patients were enrolled in the placebo group. The mean age ranges were 55.70±15.30 and 60.32±18.41 years old respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate and O2 saturation in the first group were improved significantly after the treatment in comparison to the second group (p<0.05). The mean time of recovery and length of hospital stay were better in the first group than the second group but this difference was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The addition of nebulized budesonide to standard asthma treatment might result in more improvement in O2 saturation and less patient’s distress

Affecting Factors on the Quality of Resident Education in Emergency Department; a Cross-Sectional Study

مقدمه: با توجه به تفاوت در زیرساخت های سیستم بهداشت و درمان کشورمان با کشور های پیشرفته، نیاز است که آموزش دستیاری طب اورژانس به گونه ای جهت دهی گردد که ضمن پاسخ دهی به نیازهای درمانی جامعه، اهداف آموزشی مشخص شده برای دستیاران این رشته را نیز با راهنمایی و کمک اعضای هیئت علمی پوشش دهد. شاید اولین قدم در این راه بررسی وضعیت موجود و نظرسنجی از دستیاران و اعضای هیئت علمی فعال در رشته تخصصی طب اورژانس باشد. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل موثر بر کیفیت آموزش دستیاری در بخش اورژانس طراحی و اجرا گردید. روش کار: ابتدا گروهی متشکل از ۵ عضو هیئت علمی باتجربه نظرات خود را در مورد عوامل مؤثر بر آموزش دستیاری در قالب مصاحبه بیان کردند که منتج به طراحی پرسشنامه ای با 27 سرفصل گردید که در نهایت و بعد از بررسی روایی و پایایی، پرسشنامه ای شامل ۲۳ آیتم تهیه شد. این آیتم ها در سه گروه عوامل فردی، عوامل محیطی و عوامل مربوط به بیماران طبقه بندی شدند. نمونه گیری به روش سرشماری انجام شد و کلیه دستیاران و اعضای هیئت علمی گروه طب اورژانس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران که در محدوده زمانی اجرای این مطالعه در این رشته تخصصی فعالیت داشتند قابلیت ورود به مطالعه را داشتند. نظر سنجی کمی با استفاده از مقیاس لیکرت 5 امتیازی انجام شد. سپس داده ها مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت تا میزان توافق در هر مورد در گروه دستیاران و اعضای هیئت علمی بررسی شود. یافته ها: در مجموع ۵۷ دستیار با میانگین سنی 12/6 ± ۷۵/۳۲ سال و ۲۳ عضو هیئت علمی با میانگین سنی 54/5 ± ۶۵/۳۹ سال در مطالعه شرکت کرده و پرسشنامه ها را تکمیل نمودند. میانگین امتیاز سه دسته از عوامل مورد بررسی شامل عوامل فردی، محیطی و مربوط به بیمار از نظر کلیه شرکت کنندگان به ترتیب برابر با 12/0 ± 17/1، 15/0 ± 09/1 و 22/0 ± 52/1 بود. میانگین این امتیازات به تفکیک سه دسته از عوامل مورد بررسی بین دستیاران و اعضای هیئت علمی رشته طب اورژانس شرکت کننده در مطالعه تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (05/0 < p). از نظر اعضا هیئت علمی کم کردن تعداد شیفت ها باعث بهبود کیفیت آموزش دستیاری نمی شود. ولی ایشان معتقد بودند که شیفت های ۱۲ ساعته، راندهای بالینی در بخش اورژانس و آموزش دستیاران به یکدیگر در بهبود کیفیت آموزش موثر است که اختلاف نظر دستیاران با اعضای هیئت علمی در این موارد معنی دار بود (05/0 > p). نتیجه گیری: اعضای هیئت علمی و دستیاران طب اورژانس نظر یکسانی درباره ساعات کاری و تعداد شیفت های بالینی و تاثیر  آن بر آموزش دستیاری ندارند. اعضای هیئت علمی طب اورژانس معتقد بودند شیفت های ۱۲ ساعته در مقایسه با شیفت های ۸ ساعته امکان آموزش بیشتری را فراهم می کنند و کاهش تعداد شیفت های بالینی کیفیت آموزش را خواهد کاست.Introduction: Considering the differences between the infrastructures of healthcare systems in Iran and advanced countries, there is a need for directing the education of emergency medicine residents in a way that not only meets the treatment needs of the society, but can also cover the determined educational goals for the residents of this specialty with the guidance and help of the faculty members. The first steps might be evaluating the present status and surveying the residents and faculty members who are active in emergency medicine specialty. Therefore, the present study was designed and performed with the aim of evaluating the factors affecting the quality of resident education in emergency department (ED). Methods: Initially, a group that consisted of 5 experienced faculty members expressed their opinions on the factors affecting the quality of resident education in an interview, which resulted in the design of a questionnaire with 27 topics that led to preparation of a 23-item questionnaire after validity and reliability evaluation. These items were classified in 3 groups of personal factors, environmental factors, and patient-related factors. Consecutive sampling was done and all the residents and faculty members of emergency medicine in Tehran University of Medical Sciences who were active in this specialty during the study period were eligible to participate in the study. A quantitative survey was done using 5-point Likert scale. Then the data were statistically analyzed to evaluate the agreement rate of the residents and faculty members in each item. Results: In total, 57 residents with the mean age of 32.75 ± 6.12 years and 23 faculty members with the mean age of 39.65 ± 5.54 years participated in the study and filled out the questionnaires. Mean scores of the 3 categories of evaluated factors, namely personal, environmental, and patient-related factors from the viewpoint of all participants were 1.17 ± 0.12, 1.09 ± 0.15, and 1.52 ± 0.22, respectively. The mean scores calculated for the 3 studied categories were not significantly different between the residents and faculty members of emergency medicine who participated in the study (p > 0.05). In the opinion of faculty members, decreasing the number of shifts does not lead to improvement in the quality of resident’s training. However, they believed that 12-hour shifts, clinical rounds in ED and the residents teaching to each other are effective in improvement of the quality of their education and the opinion of residents and faculty members were significantly different in these cases (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Faculty members and residents of emergency medicine do not share the same opinion on working hours, and the number of clinical shifts and their effect on resident training. The faculty members believed that 12-hour shifts provide more opportunities for education compared to 8-hour shifts and reducing the number of clinical shifts would decrease the quality of education.

Association of NFKB1 gene polymorphism (rs28362491) with cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the study was to investigate between the genotype of the NFKB1 gene and the cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 adults (male and women) aged between 35 and 75 years who referred to Afshar Hospital for coronary angiography in 2021- 2022. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the genotype of rs28362491. Biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. Gensini and Syntax scores were calculated using the angiography result to assess the extent of coronary artery stenosis. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between genotype variants and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: There was no association between variant genotypes and abnormally levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P value=0.51), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P value=0.99), triglyceride (TG) (P value=0.48), total cholesterol (P value=0.79), low density lipoprotein-cholestero (LDL-C) (P value=0.31), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P value=0.53), fast blood sugar (FBS) (P value=0.39), systolic blood pressure (P value=0.14), diastolic blood pressure (P value=0.64), Gensini score (P value=0.48) and syntax score (P value=0.74) in the crude model even after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion: We found no association between the ATTG polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients who had coronary angiography. Further investigations are needed to assess the association between variants of 28362491 and cardiometabolic markers

Investigation of Seclusion in one of the Psychiatric Wards in Razi Teaching Hospital of Tabriz

Seclusion is one of the methods in controlling violent behavior of inpatients in psychiatric wards. In current descriptive analytic study, data collection instrument included the seclusion list of inpatients by considering individual, social and clinical characteristics in one of the psychiatry wards In the Razi teaching hospital of Tabriz in the first six months of 2012. Among 264 admitted patients, 24 patients (9.1%) had been secluded and a total of 29 isolated incidents were recorded. Most of secluded incidents occurred on weekdays (75.9%), first week of inpatient (87.7%), and during the evening shifts (48.3%). The results obtained in this study demonstrate that in 55.2% cases, the duration of isolation was two hours and the most common cause of seclusion was aggressive behaviors. Most of secluded patients (66.7%) were diagnosed with mood disorders

Evaluation of Knowledge Creating Effect on Competitive AdvantageInKarAfarin Bank

Knowledge in our modern world is regarded as a vital tool for the maintenance and progress of the organization. That is, in today’s competitive world, lacking the necessary knowledge won’t guarantee the organization success. In the present article,theeffect of creating knowledge was studied based onfour-stage model by Nonaka&Takeuchi in gaining competitive advantage the six-element model presented by Mintzberg (Quality-Design-Indiscriminacy-Price-Logistics-Image) and surveyed in different branches of KarAfarin Bank in Tehran. In This research, following experts’ idea, the plan Questionnaires was provided including two sections. The first part of which were in search of evaluating creating knowledge indexes and the second part tried to evaluate the competitive status as presented Mintzberg’s six-element of competitive advantage, were prepared .These questionnaires were distributed among 185 members of managers and the experts. After that, the necessary statistical analyses were carried out and the hypothesis of the existence of positive and meaningful effect  in creating knowledge in obtaining competitive advantage quadruple dimensions of sociality , externalizing , combining and internalizing were confirmed and ascertained that bac