Artificial intelligence in numerical modeling of silver nanoparticles prepared in montmorillonite interlayer space

Artificial neural network (ANN) models have the capacity to eliminate the need for expensive experimental investigation in various areas of manufacturing processes, including the casting methods. An understanding of the interrelationships between input variables is essential for interpreting the sensitivity data and optimizing the design parameters. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have attracted considerable attention for chemical, physical, and medical applications due to their exceptional properties. The nanocrystal silver was synthesized into an interlamellar space of montmorillonite by using the chemical reduction technique. The method has an advantage of size control which is essential in nanometals synthesis. Silver nanoparticles with nanosize and devoid of aggregation are favorable for several properties. In this investigation, the accuracy of artificial neural network training algorithm was applied in studying the effects of different parameters on the particles, including the AgNO3 concentration, reaction temperature, UV-visible wavelength, and montmorillonite (MMT) d-spacing on the prediction of size of silver nanoparticles. Analysis of the variance showed that the AgNO3 concentration and temperature were the most significant factors affecting the size of silver nanoparticles. Using the best performing artificial neural network, the optimum conditions predicted were a concentration of AgNO 3 of 1.0 (M), MMT d-spacing of 1.27 nm, reaction temperature of 27°C, and wavelength of 397.50 nm

Application of artificial neural network(ANN) for the prediction of size of silver nanoparticles prepared by green method

The artificial neural network (ANN) models have the capacity to eliminate the need for expensive experimental investigation in various areas of manufacturing processes, including the casting methods. Determination of particle size is one of the critical parameters in nanotechnology.TheAg-NPs have attracted significant attention for chemical, physical and clinical applications due to their exceptional properties.The nanosilver crystals were prepared in the biopolymer mediated without any aggregation by using green chemical reduction method. The method has an advantage of size control which is essential in nano-metal synthesis. The resulting of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) characterized by using of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique.XRD patterns confirmed that Ag-NPs crystallographic planes were face centered cubic (fcc) type. TEM results showed that mean diameters of Ag-NPs for four different amounts of variables were less than 40 nm. This method with comparison to other methods is green, high yield, speedy and easy to use.This paper presents an ANN model for the predictionsize of Ag-NPs by green method. Themodel accounts for the effect of NaOH volumes, temperature, stabilizer, and AgNO3 concentration on the size of nanoparticle.The best model presented a trustworthy agreement in predicting experimental data. The characteristic parameters of the presented ANN models are fully reported in the paper

Behjatoshoara and a New Approach in Biography-writing in the Qajar Era (With the Introduction of Hadiqatoshoara)

Persian biographies are among the main sources in the history of literature. The movement of writing biographies was accelerated during Qajar era and on the verge of the Constitutional Revolution. Like other proses, the critique entered into the writing of this period, and it took the form of ironical or humorous biographies. Similar examples were also written for these critical-pleasantry works. One of the followers of this new approach was Mohammad Kazem Tabrizi (known as Asrar Ali Shah). He wrote his biography book in regard to the superficial and indiscreet thinking of the public with a humorous tone and full of anecdotes, and called it Behjatoshoara or Romouz Nojaba. Among various types of biographies, writing a biography like this full of worthless poems and unconditional praises show that the author had a special motive. But this issue has not been investigated by the researchers. This lack of clarification regarding the writer's motivation has led to some falsifications and judgments about the work and its author. In this study, Asrar Ali Shah's Behjatoshoara and his motivation to write it is investigated. Also, Hadiqatoshoara is introduced and its relationship with Behjatoshoara is clarified

Technology in Ahmad Azizi’s Poems

Abstract Nowadays technology has extended all over the human’s life and has affected even his language. It seems that a new language is propagated within people especially among youth which utilizes the words or compositions related to technology. Metaphor, metonymy and is used in these compositions. These words were first applied in ironies but later on it has been perceived in people conversations and even within the poems. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the Today ’ s language structure and also the effects of technology on the language. Ahmad Azizi’s poems are chosen for this study. In this content the main question is how greatly the human and machine relation is affected the human conversation and specifically on the Ahmad Azizi’s poems. The theory in the current paper is that there should be a relation between the technology and language in Ahmad Azizi’s poems. The method here is to find and study the effect of words related to technology, such as automobile and its content, telephone and other means of communication devices and also urban lifestyle, within the Ahmad Azizi’s poems. Investigations related to stylistics often perform in three methods of language, music and literature studies. However, in this paper we focused on the words and literature points and do not investigate the grammar and music. This research is merely descriptive and is not looking for the reasons for using those specific words. Ahmad Azizi made a breakthrough in utilizing the Today ’ s language. There are several words in his poems related to urban lifestyle and its hardships such as metro trains, highways, buses, speeding and traffics. There are a numerous effects of technology on human lifestyle, eating habits, costumes and human manners. Words which are related to machine parts such as “sag dast” or “achar kalaghi” and etc can be seen in his poems. Even compositions like “rip zadan”, “cheragh dadan”, “aab va roghan ghati kardan” and etc is used. The products trademarks are also seen in some poems. Here technology not only interferes in creating words but psychologically changes the human ideas. The new words are generated by cutting the words into pieces and changing their meanings or it can be generated by metaphor and metonymy which obtain a new intended meanings. From the moral point of view the new words and compositions are rather objections to the current society situations, called “argo”. The Ahmad Azizi’s method in using new words is somehow to continue predecessors’ method.   Finally, according to new word creations in Today ’ s language we propose to include the machine metaphor to Rhetoric

Using Pattern Search Methods for Minimizing Clustering Problems

Clustering is one of an interesting data mining topics that can be applied in many fields. Recently, the problem of cluster analysis is formulated as a problem of nonsmooth, nonconvex optimization,and an algorithm for solving the cluster analysis problem based on nonsmooth optimization techniques is developed. This optimization problem has a number of characteristics that make it challenging: it has many local minimum, the optimization variables can be either continuous or categorical, and there are no exact analytical derivatives. In this study we show how to apply a particular class of optimization methods known as pattern search methods to address these challenges. These methods do not explicitly use derivatives, an important feature that has not been addressed in previous studies. Results of numerical experiments are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method