2,098 research outputs found
The complexity of global cardinality constraints
In a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) the goal is to find an assignment
of a given set of variables subject to specified constraints. A global
cardinality constraint is an additional requirement that prescribes how many
variables must be assigned a certain value. We study the complexity of the
problem CCSP(G), the constraint satisfaction problem with global cardinality
constraints that allows only relations from the set G. The main result of this
paper characterizes sets G that give rise to problems solvable in polynomial
time, and states that the remaining such problems are NP-complete
Racial Capitalism in Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad
In this thesis I examine how Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad attempts to denounce a system of racial capitalism, but the various tactics used to achieve this are often clouded in an inadvertent participation in this system regardless. I contend that this participation is indicative of a particular reading’s predominance in our current American social context that nevertheless reinforces the racial capitalism the novel attempts to denounce. This inescapable reading is explored in the sections devoted to the various states the protagonist Cora travels to on her journey toward supposed freedom from bondage, as each state represents various iterations of racism she endures. Before that, I explore the debate surrounding the role race plays in American society, as the way in which a reader understands this role deeply impacts how specific moments in the novel are read. I then track the dominant treatment of the neo-slave narrative, where even Whitehead’s potential subversion of it goes easily unnoticed because of the aforementioned reading’s predominance. Lastly, I conclude by arguing that the novel is most richly read when the reader adopts both a sympathy for and awareness beyond racial categories
From ab initio quantum chemistry to molecular dynamics: The delicate case of hydrogen bonding in ammonia
The ammonia dimer (NH3)2 has been investigated using high--level ab initio
quantum chemistry methods and density functional theory (DFT). The structure
and energetics of important isomers is obtained to unprecedented accuracy
without resorting to experiment. The global minimum of eclipsed C_s symmetry is
characterized by a significantly bent hydrogen bond which deviates from
linearity by about 20 degrees. In addition, the so-called cyclic C_{2h}
structure is extremely close in energy on an overall flat potential energy
surface. It is demonstrated that none of the currently available (GGA,
meta--GGA, and hybrid) density functionals satisfactorily describe the
structure and relative energies of this nonlinear hydrogen bond. We present a
novel density functional, HCTH/407+, designed to describe this sort of hydrogen
bond quantitatively on the level of the dimer, contrary to e.g. the widely used
BLYP functional. This improved functional is employed in Car-Parrinello ab
initio molecular dynamics simulations of liquid ammonia to judge its
performance in describing the associated liquid. Both the HCTH/407+ and BLYP
functionals describe the properties of the liquid well as judged by analysis of
radial distribution functions, hydrogen bonding structure and dynamics,
translational diffusion, and orientational relaxation processes. It is
demonstrated that the solvation shell of the ammonia molecule in the liquid
phase is dominated by steric packing effects and not so much by directional
hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, the propensity of ammonia molecules
to form bifurcated and multifurcated hydrogen bonds in the liquid phase is
found to be negligibly small.Comment: Journal of Chemical Physics, in press (305335JCP
C-Peptide and Atherogenesis: C-Peptide as a Mediator of Lesion Development in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Patients with insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes exhibit an increased propensity to develop a diffuse and extensive pattern of arteriosclerosis. Typically, these patients show increased levels of C-peptide and over the last years various groups examined the effect of C-peptide in vascular cells as well as its potential role in lesion development. While some studies demonstrated beneficial effects of C-peptide, for example, by showing an inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, others suggested proatherogenic mechanisms in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among them, C-peptide may facilitate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into early lesions and promote lesion progression by inducing smooth muscle cell proliferation. The following review will summarize the effects of C-peptide in vascular cells and discuss the potential role of C-peptide in atherogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes
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Introduction to Focus Issue: Genetic Interactions
The perturbation of a gene in an organism’s genome often causes changes in the organism’s observable properties or phenotypes. It is not obvious a priori whether the simultaneous perturbation of two genes produces a phenotypic change that is easily predictable from the changes caused by individual perturbations. In fact, this is often not the case: the nonlinearity and interdependence between genetic variants in determining phenotypes, also known as epistasis, is a prevalent phenomenon in biological systems. This focus issue presents recent developments in the study of epistasis and genetic interactions, emphasizing the broad implications of this phenomenon in evolutionary biology, functional genomics, and human diseases.Organismic and Evolutionary Biolog
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