443 research outputs found
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Kartu Struktur Atom dan Sistem Periodik terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 6 Palu
The use of instructional media could help teachers to develop and deepen in teaching and learning process in the classroom. This study aims to determine the effect of using atomic structure card media and periodic systems toward learning outcome of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 6 Palu. The population in this study was all of the eleventh grade students on Science Program of SMA Negeri 6 Palu in the academic year 2013/2014 which consists of 3 classes. The sample in this study was 30 students of Science Program 1 as the experimental class and 32 students of Science Program 2 as the control class. Testing research data used statistical analysis of the t test (right) with the prerequisite test, test for normality, and homogeneity. The data analysis result obtained for the average score in the experiment class X1 = 68.03 with deviation standard = 10.50 and the control class X2 = 54.75 with deviation standard = 9.57. Based on the testing result of hypothesis by statistical t-test values obtained right side of tcounted> ttable is 5.37 > 1.67 with a confidence level of 0.05 and degrees of freedom = 60. From the results of hypothesis testing, then, Ho was rejected so it can be concluded that there is a better influence in using atomic structure card media and periodic system toward learning outcome of the leventh grade students of SMA Negeri 6 Palu
Diglossic code-switching in Kuwaiti newspapers
Phd ThesisThe present study investigates the phenomenon of diglossic code-switching between
Standard Arabic, as a High variety, and Kuwaiti Arabic, as a Low variety, in Kuwaiti
newspaper articles. The study was precipitated by the paucity of research on the
linguistic characteristics of newspaper discourse generated within this region as well as
Kuwaiti perceptions towards this medium of communication. The frameworks adopted
in this research were extended to novel contexts and were also utilised to gain new
insights into several dimensions of diglossia, most of which have never been explored
before. The findings of this study indeed revealed important insights into how diglosia
is changing and how participants both use and perceive diglossic code-switching.
The investigation was carried out to explore three main dimensions of code-switching
in newspaper articles in Kuwait: changes in attitudes and frequency of code-switching
use, the social motivations for it and the morphosyntactic constraints associated with it
in this context. The first involves the study of changes in both language attitudes and in
the frequency of code-switching in newspaper articles over the last 29-30 years. The
second part of the study offers a social motivations’ analysis of code-switching in
newspaper articles by appealing to the ideas captured in the Markedness Model (MM),
proposed by Myers-Scotton 1993a. The primary goal of this element of the research was
to seek explanations for the diglossic code-switching strategies identified in a sample of
twelve newspaper articles. The third aspect explored in the research relates to the testing
of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model which applies specifically to the
morphosyntactic constraints thought to operate in spoken code-switching contexts
(Myers-Scotton 1993b, 2002). A key objective of the research overall was to evaluate
the models themselves which have not, to my knowledge, been appraised heretofore
using written data of this kind.
In general terms, my findings regarding attitudinal change and code-switching
frequency suggest that, despite the differences exhibited by a range of social variables,
the nature of the attitudes expressed by the readers and columnists alike still reflect the
traditional diglossic situation in Kuwait. Moreover, an analysis of language attitudes,
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employing the ‘apparent time’ hypothesis, shows that there is indeed a change in
language attitudes in Kuwait between one generation and the next. This change,
however, is contrary to predictions as it actually shows a favouring effect within the
community at large for the H variety, i.e. SA. Non-parametric statistical analyses
(specifically the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests)
were selected as most appropriate for discriminating quantitative distinctions in the
analysis of attitudes. Furthermore, an investigation of how common code-switching has
become over the last three decades reveals that there is, in fact, static code-switching
frequency, indicating that the practice of code-switching has remained relatively stable
between 1985 and 2014-15. As for the second and third dimensions of the research, it
was shown that the MM offers a very useful explanation of the linguistic behaviour of
columnists and reveals the intricacies of their code-switching strategies which can be
related to their understanding of community perceptions towards diglossic codeswitching
in Kuwait as captured in other aspects of the research. A key finding with
respect to the testing of the MLF model itself was how difficult it actually was to
diglossic code-switching in a written context. My research clearly shows that the MLF
approach does not, in fact, provide as much insight into the dynamics of the
phenomenon as it clearly does when applied to conversational exchanges and this is
partially due to the problems identified in my thesis regarding the analysis of Arabic
code-switching in writing
Sensor Fusion Based Model for Collision Free Mobile Robot Navigation
Autonomous mobile robots have become a very popular and interesting topic in the last decade. Each of them are equipped with various types of sensors such as GPS, camera, infrared and ultrasonic sensors. These sensors are used to observe the surrounding environment. However, these sensors sometimes fail and have inaccurate readings. Therefore, the integration of sensor fusion will help to solve this dilemma and enhance the overall performance. This paper presents a collision free mobile robot navigation based on the fuzzy logic fusion model. Eight distance sensors and a range finder camera are used for the collision avoidance approach where three ground sensors are used for the line or path following approach. The fuzzy system is composed of nine inputs which are the eight distance sensors and the camera, two outputs which are the left and right velocities of the mobile robot’s wheels, and 24 fuzzy rules for the robot’s movement. Webots Pro simulator is used for modeling the environment and the robot. The proposed methodology, which includes the collision avoidance based on fuzzy logic fusion model and line following robot, has been implemented and tested through simulation and real time experiments. Various scenarios have been presented with static and dynamic obstacles using one robot and two robots while avoiding obstacles in different shapes and sizes.https://doi.org/10.3390/s1601002
Fuzzy Logic Control for Autonomous Mobile Robots in Static and Dynamic Environments
Autonomous mobile robots have been widely used in many researches and applications. In this work, we develop collision avoidance and line following techniques for mobile robot navigation in static and dynamic environments with the integration of fuzzy logic fusion. Eight proximity sensors are used to detect different obstacles whereas three ground sensors are used to detect the line underneath the robot. The proposed method has been successfully tested in Webots Pro simulator and in in real time experiment
Transient Thermal Diffusion in Conical Bodies
A numerical solution has been obtained for transient thermal diffusion in a cone in which chemical, electrical or nuclear energy at a constant rate. An implicit method is used to set up the finite difference equations and detailed analysis is carried out to trace the time history of the temperature distribution from the initial stages to the steady state. The effect of the rate of heat generation on the time required to reach steady state thermal distribution has also been depicted
Transient Heat Transfer in Composite Solids with Non-Linear Boundary Condition
Transient heat transfer in composite media with non-linear radiation boundary condition has been studied by implicit finite difference scheme. It is observed that as the diffusivity ratio decreases there is more transfer of heat from radiating surface towards the non-radiating surface
Analytical Study of Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Techniques
Maintaining the quality of service (QOS) and controlling the network congestion are quite complicated tasks. They cause degrading the performance of the network, and disturbing the continuous communication process. To overcome these issues, one step towards this dilemma has been taken in form of Pre-congestion notification (PCN) technique. PCN uses a packet marking technique within a PCN domain over IP networks. It is notified by egress node that works as guard at entry point of network. Egress node gives feedback to communicating servers whether rate on the link is exceeded than configured admissible threshold or within the limit. Based on this feedback, admission decisions are taken to determine whether to allow/block new coming flows or terminate already accepted. The actual question is about selection of right algorithm for PCN domain. In this paper, we investigate the analytical behavior of some known PCN algorithms. We make slide modifications in originality of PCN algorithms without disquieting working process in order to employ those within similar types of scenarios. Our goal is to simulate them either in highly congested or less congested realistic scenarios. On the basis of simulation done in ns2, we are able to recommend each PCN algorithm for specific conditions. Finally, we develop a benchmark that helps researchers and scientific communities to pick the right algorithm. Furthermore, the benchmark is designed to achieve specific objectives according to the users’ requirements without congesting the network
TERP: A Trusted and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have got researchers attention due to its various useful and helpful applications in the real world with low cost sensors. The task of the sensors is to collect data from the environment and send it to the central node (sink node). However, the power is limited in these sensors and therefore it has a limited lifetime which is a big deal in WSNs. Another important issue in WSNs is the level of security. Since these sensor nodes exchange and transmit data among the network, the security of the data can be at risk. Hence, In this poster, we propose a novel trusted and energy efficient routing protocol (TERP), which is based on the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV). TERP can avoid any malicious nodes (untrusted nodes) and thus increase the security level in the network, and decrease the power consumption level
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