Political Propriety and Feminine Property: Women in the Eighteenth-Century Text Trades

Maruca shows that the author as an accountable agent emerged in England as an entity intrinsically connected to printers, publishers and other legally responsible agents within the trade. She particularly focuses on women in the print trades because their jobs led to the properly feminized eighteenth-century novel. It was the regulations governing the print trade that produced a form of morally authoritative discourse best represented by the woman author

Plagiarism and its (Disciplinary) Discontents: Towards an Interdisciplinary Theory and Pedagogy

Despite the abundance of literature on the topic, there is very little that can be called “common” about our common sense understanding of plagiarism. Taking a closer look at the history, rhetorical uses, and cultural practices of plagiarism, this essay reveals that this concept is multiple and heterogeneous, riddled with contradictions and blind spots. As a result, the article argues the overlapping, inter-related, yet distinct discourses of plagiarism that circulate within the academy can be usefully described as a “complex system.” In positing plagiarism as a complex system, this article has several goals. First, it shows how singular approaches to plagiarism are ultimately insufficient and examines the ways in which an interdisciplinary consideration of the issues can shed light on the problem. Next, it uses the issue of plagiarism to examine the rubric of “complexity” itself, suggesting ways that recent uses of the term within interdisciplinary research might be modified and extended. Finally, it uses this enhanced, integrative understanding of plagiarism to make pragmatic proposals for both pedagogy and policy

From Exploitation To Equity: Building Native-Owned Renewable Energy Generation In Indian Country

Indian country contains abundant renewable energy resources, and harnessing such resources is vitally important for national climate change mitigation efforts. Shifting the electric grid towards wind and solar generation also carries local environmental and health benefits, increases energy independence, and serves national security interests. For willing tribes, renewable energy development offers an opportunity for job growth and income base expansion. But if that development is to serve all parties— tribes, states, and the nation—then the current policy framework must change. If it does not change, policymakers risk continuing the long history of exploitative resource development on reservations. This Article examines how legal structures impede utility-scale renewable energy development in Indian country and limit tribal self-determination. At the beginning of the Obama Administration, with increased national interest in climate change, commentators seized upon the potential of renewable energy to increase tribal sovereignty, improve Native economies, and provide greater access to electricity. Following years of false starts, legal scholars asked why the clean energy revolution was passing by Indian country and identified obstacles that slowed the growth of renewables. Despite such barriers, by the end of 2017, a few large projects were operational. This Article examines how those projects succeeded within the current framework. The working installations serve as a rebuke to decades of abusive resource extraction arrangements and dirty fossil fuel power plants, which have produced severe health impacts and environmental degradation on Indian lands. But they also show how the existing legal and policy frameworks compel tribes committed to renewable energy development into certain arrangements, which then place constraints upon tribal sovereignty and limit the potential benefits to tribes. Part I explains U.S. electricity law and renewable energy potential in Indian country. Part II addresses how the current legal and policy frameworks underpinning projects impede the widespread adoption of renewable energy in Indian country. Part III covers recent successes and failures, in order to draw functional lessons for parties interested in pursuing wind and solar projects within the existing framework. Part IV recommends policy and legal reforms that would increase tribal ownership of renewable energy projects while benefiting tribes, states, and the country as a whole. In particular, recommended reforms include providing mechanisms that promote self-determination through tribal project ownership, increasing federal financial support mechanisms, changes to current electricity regulations, and amending federal and state tax regimes to avoid stifling development in Indian country

The multi-scale nature of the solar wind

The solar wind is a magnetized plasma and as such exhibits collective plasma behavior associated with its characteristic spatial and temporal scales. The characteristic length scales include the size of the heliosphere, the collisional mean free paths of all species, their inertial lengths, their gyration radii, and their Debye lengths. The characteristic timescales include the expansion time, the collision times, and the periods associated with gyration, waves, and oscillations. We review the past and present research into the multi-scale nature of the solar wind based on in-situ spacecraft measurements and plasma theory. We emphasize that couplings of processes across scales are important for the global dynamics and thermodynamics of the solar wind. We describe methods to measure in-situ properties of particles and fields. We then discuss the role of expansion effects, non-equilibrium distribution functions, collisions, waves, turbulence, and kinetic microinstabilities for the multi-scale plasma evolution.Comment: 155 pages, 24 figure

Ion-scale spectral break of solar wind turbulence at high and low beta

The power spectrum of magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind at 1 AU displays a break between two power laws in the range of spacecraft-frame frequencies 0.1 to 1 Hz. These frequencies correspond to spatial scales in the plasma frame near the proton gyroradius ρi and proton inertial length di. At 1 AU it is difficult to determine which of these is associated with the break, since [Formula: see text] and the perpendicular ion plasma beta is typically β⊥i∼1. To address this, several exceptional intervals with β⊥i≪1 and β⊥i≫1 were investigated, during which these scales were well separated. It was found that for β⊥i≪1 the break occurs at di and for β⊥i≫1 at ρi, i.e., the larger of the two scales. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, including Alfvén wave dispersion, damping, and current sheets

Bodies of Type: The Work of Textual Production in English Printers\u27 Manuals

This essay examines the shifting, ideologically situated and contested representations of print texts and technologies in two representative printers\u27 manuals: Joseph Moxon\u27s 1683 Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing and John Smith\u27s 1755 The Printer\u27s Grammar. The construction of orderly print is supported in each by changing discourses of sexuality and gender. Moxon\u27s manual celebrates the heterosexual working bodies of print, the laborers whose physical production of print is as important as the text supplied by writers. In Smith, however, the naturalized gendering of a now invisible print privileges only the Author, whose disembodied intellect transcends the physical book

What Is Critical Bibliography?

This introduction to the special issue, “New Approaches to Critical Bibliography and the Material Text,” defines critical bibliography as a method that, at the intersection of critical theory and bibliographic study, challenges standard histories of the book and bookish objects. Drawing on feminist studies, critical race studies, postcolonialism, Marxism, queer theory, and disability studies, among others, critical bibliography, the authors argue, calls attention to the structures of oppression upholding the circulation, preservation, and organization of material texts—but also the possibilities of liberation therein. Taking up this method from a variety of fields and periods, the essays in this issue take on the very grounds, definitions, and boundaries of traditional bibliography, asking epistemological and ontological questions that interrogate the material and conceptual construction of bibliographic knowledge itself