Pembuatan Biobriket dari Limbah Cangkang Kakao

Biobriquette is an alternative energy as fuel substitute which is produced from organic materials or underutilized agricultural waste (biomass). Some types of biomass waste has considerable potential as wood waste, rice husks, straw, bagasse, palm shells, and municipal solid waste. Another untapped potential is the cocoa shell waste. These wastes are not used if it will cause a bad odor and may damage ecosystems. This study aims to see the effect of particle size variations and biobriquette shape to the biobriquette compressive strength produced, quality analysis, and combustion rate of biobriquette. The making of biobriquette used starch as adhesive as much as 50% of the biobriquette weight, variations of biobriquette particle size were 30 mesh and 60 mesh, the shape of biobriquette were hollow cylinder and solid cylinder. The results showed that biobriquette generated met the fuel standards for households. The best biobriquette was hollow cylinder biobriquette with the size of 30 mesh and the resulting calorific value was more than 4000 cal/g. Based on burning test, biobriquette obtained could be used as fuel.ABSTRAKBiobriket merupakan energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar yang dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan organik atau limbah pertanian (biomassa) yang kurang termanfaatkan. Beberapa jenis limbah biomassa memiliki potensi yang cukup besar seperti limbah kayu, sekam padi, jerami, ampas tebu, cangkang sawit, dan sampah kota. Potensi lain yang belum tergarap adalah limbah cangkang kakao. Limbah-limbah tersebut apabila tidak dimanfaatkan maka akan menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap dan dapat merusak ekosistem lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh variasi ukuran partikel dan bentuk biobriket terhadap kuat tekan biobriket yang dihasilkan, menganalisa mutu dan laju pembakaran bioriket. Pembuatan biobriket ini menggunakan bahan perekat tepung kanji sebanyak 50 % dari berat biobriket, variasi ukuran partikel biobriket adalah 30 mesh dan 60 mesh, bentuk biobriket silinder berongga dan silinder pejal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biobriket yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar bahan bakar untuk rumah tangga. Biobriket yang paling bagus adalah biobriket dengan ukuran 30 mesh silinder berongga dan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan adalah lebih besar dari 4000 kal/g. Berdasarkan uji pembakaran, biobriket yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar.</p

Pembuatan Biobriket dari Limbah Cangkang Kakao

Biobriquette is an alternative energy as fuel substitute which is produced from organic materials or underutilized agricultural waste (biomass). Some types of biomass waste has considerable potential as wood waste, rice husks, straw, bagasse, palm shells, and municipal solid waste. Another untapped potential is the cocoa shell waste. These wastes are not used if it will cause a bad odor and may damage ecosystems. This study aims to see the effect of particle size variations and biobriquette shape to the biobriquette compressive strength produced, quality analysis, and combustion rate of biobriquette. The making of biobriquette used starch as adhesive as much as 50% of the biobriquette weight, variations of biobriquette particle size were 30 mesh and 60 mesh, the shape of biobriquette were hollow cylinder and solid cylinder. The results showed that biobriquette generated met the fuel standards for households. The best biobriquette was hollow cylinder biobriquette with the size of 30 mesh and the resulting calorific value was more than 4000 cal/g. Based on burning test, biobriquette obtained could be used as fuel.ABSTRAKBiobriket merupakan energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar yang dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan organik atau limbah pertanian (biomassa) yang kurang termanfaatkan. Beberapa jenis limbah biomassa memiliki potensi yang cukup besar seperti limbah kayu, sekam padi, jerami, ampas tebu, cangkang sawit, dan sampah kota. Potensi lain yang belum tergarap adalah limbah cangkang kakao. Limbah-limbah tersebut apabila tidak dimanfaatkan maka akan menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap dan dapat merusak ekosistem lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh variasi ukuran partikel dan bentuk biobriket terhadap kuat tekan biobriket yang dihasilkan, menganalisa mutu dan laju pembakaran bioriket. Pembuatan biobriket ini menggunakan bahan perekat tepung kanji sebanyak 50 % dari berat biobriket, variasi ukuran partikel biobriket adalah 30 mesh dan 60 mesh, bentuk biobriket silinder berongga dan silinder pejal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biobriket yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar bahan bakar untuk rumah tangga. Biobriket yang paling bagus adalah biobriket dengan ukuran 30 mesh silinder berongga dan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan adalah lebih besar dari 4000 kal/g. Berdasarkan uji pembakaran, biobriket yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar

PEROLEHAN GLUKOSA DENGAN HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS DARI AMPAS TEBU MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Aspergilus niger SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL

Lignocellulosic biomass is a rich agricultural waste containing cellulose and hemicellulose. Bagasse (bagasse) is one of the waste biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose approximately 47.7% which can be used to produce bioethanol. Enzymatic process is able to hydrolysis the polysaccharide compound into its constituent, sugars monomer compound. An enzymatic hydrolysis process converts cellulose to glucose by using cellulase enzymes. Some microorganisms producing the enzyme cellulase are Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger. The purpose of this research is to find out comparison of both these microorganism as a catalyst in the enzymatic hydrolysis process that produces the highest glucose levels and hydrolysis time. Hydrolysis process is done by varying the ratio between Tricoderma viride and Aspergillus niger of 1: 0; 0: 1; 0.5: 1 and 1: 0.5 and  time sampling  24, 48, 72, 96, 120. The results showed glucose acquisition as much as 360 mg/L with hidrolysis process  by hotplate  stirer and 660 mg/L with process by waterbath shaker at composition ratio of Trichoderma viride: Aspergillus niger 1: 0.5 and the hydrolysis time is 96 hours

Analisis dan Karakterisasi Potensi Pozzolan Sebagai Sumber Silika (SiO2) Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Sumber Daya Lokal

ABSTRAKKabupaten Padang Pariaman memiliki sumber daya pozzolan yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Pozzolan adalah bahan yang mengandung senyawa silika dan alumina. Untuk pemanfaatan yang optimal dilakukan analisis dan karakterisasi potensi pozzolan sebagai sumber silika. Silika bisa dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku utama diberbagai industri, seperti industri gelas, keramik, katalis, pertanian dan untuk pengolahan limbah. Untuk mengetahui potensi pozzolan sebagai sumber silika dilakukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitaif menggunakan XRD dan XRF. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pola difraksi sinar-X dengan measurement program PANalitycal ditemukan senyawa SiO2 yang tertinggi teramati pada posisi 2θ sebesar 20o dan 26o. Sedangkan analisis XRF dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi jumlah elemen dan oksida logam yang terkandung pada pozzolan. Hasil analisi XRF menunjukkan bahwa kadar SiO2 yang terdapat pada pozzolan adalah sejumalh 62,56%. Senyawa lain yang ditemukan pada pozzolan diantaranya Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, CaO dan Fe2O3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pozzolan sangat berpotensi untuk dijadikan sumber silika.ABSTRACTPadang Pariaman regency has pozzolanic resources that have not been utilized optimally. Pozzolan is a material containing silica and alumina. For optimal utilization, analysis and characterization of the potential of pozzolan as a source of silica have been done. Silica can be used as a raw material in several industries, for example, glass, ceramic, catalyst industry, farm, and waste treatment. Qualitative and quantitative analyses by XRD and XRF were carried out to investigate pozzolan as a source of silica. Based on x-ray diffraction pattern with measurement of PANalitycal program was found SiO2 compound on 2θ position, 20o dan 26odegree. XRF analysis is used to get information chemical composition of pozzolan. XRF analysis found silica composition is 62,56%. Other compounds also found in pozzolans such as Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. The result shows that pozzolan in Padang Pariaman Regency has the potential as a source of silica

Drinking Water Treatment by Inductively Coupled Plasma System to Remove of Microorganisms in River Water

Inductively coupled plasma system was used in drinking water treatment system to kill the microorganisms in water such as total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and other coliforms (OC) from river water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flowrate on removal efficiency (RE), death rate, and death yield and energy consumption of bacteria's. The frequency of the system was set at 4.6 MHz. The results show that the removal efficiencies and death rate of TC, FC and OC decreased with increasing flowrate. Compared to FC, the first-order reactions of TC and OC were lower in the following order: FC > OC > TC. The death yield of TC and OC significantly increased when the removal efficiency increased. The electromagnetic flux varied from 19.44 to 20.55 W/cm2 and the energy consumption was 0.26, 0.32, and 0.67 with flow rate at 20, 10 and 5 mL/minute, respectively. These results are very necessary to improve drinking water treatment

Drinking Water Treatment by Inductively Coupled Plasma System to Remove of Microorganisms in River Water

Inductively coupled plasma system was used in drinking water treatment system to kill the microorganisms in water such as total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and other coliforms (OC) from river water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flowrate on removal efficiency (RE), death rate, and death yield and energy consumption of bacteria's. The frequency of the system was set at 4.6 MHz. The results show that the removal efficiencies and death rate of TC, FC and OC decreased with increasing flowrate. Compared to FC, the first-order reactions of TC and OC were lower in the following order: FC > OC > TC. The death yield of TC and OC significantly increased when the removal efficiency increased. The electromagnetic flux varied from 19.44 to 20.55 W/cm2 and the energy consumption was 0.26, 0.32, and 0.67 with flow rate at 20, 10 and 5 mL/minute, respectively. These results are very necessary to improve drinking water treatment