CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES TIPO 2: RESULTADOS EN SALUD

La aplicación de los recursos ya existentes en nuestros Sistema Andaluz de Salud de forma más intensiva y personalizada puede mejorar los resultados de salud de los pacientes con DM2. La investigación en torno a las nuevas tecnologías es muy esperanzadora al ser una intervención que da lugar a resultados positivos en cuanto al buen control y seguimiento de los pacientes. La inclusión de aplicaciones móviles y el uso de la telemedicina podrían ser incluidos, previo acuerdo del paciente, en su plan de cuidados. Igualmente ocurre con las nuevas metodologías de Educación Sanitaria, como es el caso de los juegos y gamificación. Son útiles para la enseñanza de conceptos y relación entre ellos, facilitando al enfermo su comprensión. Los profesionales enfermeros son un aspecto clave en esta investigación ya que son los encargados de la proporción de la Educación Sanitaria y el control y seguimiento de los pacientes con DM2.The application of existing resources in our Andalusian Health System in a more intensive and personalized way can improve the health outcomes of patients with DM2. Research on new technologies is very encouraging as it is an intervention that gives rise to positive results in terms of good control and monitoring of patients. The inclusion of mobile applications and the use of telemedicine could be included, with the agreement of the patient, in their care plan. The same occurs with the new methodologies of Health Education, such as games and gamification. They are useful for teaching concepts and the relationship between them, making it easier for the patient to understand them. Nursing professionals are a key aspect in this research since they are in charge of the proportion of Health Education and the control and monitoring of patients with DM2.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Enfermería. Leída el 29 de julio de 2021

Effects of Supervised Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes on Quality of Life among Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Traditionally, cardiac rehabilitation programmes are offered after cardiac events to aid recovery, improve quality of life, and reduce adverse events. The objective of this review was to assess the health-related quality of life, after a supervised cardiac rehabilitation programme, of patients who suffered a myocardial infarction. A systematic review was carried out in the CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, Medline, Scopus, and SciELO databases, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomised controlled trials were selected. Meta-analyses were performed for the Short Form Health Survey SF-36, Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS), MacNew Heart Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) questionnaire, and European Quality of Life-Visual Analogue Scale (EuroQol-VAS) with the software Cochrane RevMan Web. Ten articles were found covering a total of 3577 patients. In the meta-analysis, the effect size of the cardiac rehabilitation programme was statistically significant in the intervention group for physical activity, emotional reaction, and dependency dimensions of the MIDAS questionnaire. For the control group, the score improved for SF-36 physical functioning, and body pain dimensions. The mean difference between the control and intervention group was not significant for the remaining dimensions, and neither for the MacNew Heart Disease-HRQL and EuroQol-VAS questionnaires. Supervised cardiac rehabilitation programmes were effective in improving health-related quality of life, however, there was a potential variability in the interventions; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. This study supports the importance of providing care and evaluating interventions via the supervision of trained health professionals, and further randomised clinical trials are needed to analyse the positive changes in mental and physical health outcomes

Gamification for the Improvement of Diet, Nutritional Habits, and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Currently, one of the main public health problems among children and adolescents is poor adherence to healthy habits, leading to increasingly high rates of obesity and the comorbidities that accompany obesity. Early interventions are necessary, and among them, the use of gamification can be an effective method. The objective was to analyse the effect of game-based interventions (gamification) for improving nutritional habits, knowledge, and changes in body composition. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Scopus databases, following the PRISMA recommendations. There was no restriction by year of publication or language. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Twenty-three articles were found. After the intervention, the consumption of fruit and vegetables increased, as well as the knowledge on healthy food groups. The means difference showed a higher nutritional knowledge score in the intervention group 95% CI 0.88 (0.05–1.75). No significant effect of gamification was found for body mass index z-score. Gamification could be an effective method to improve nutritional knowledge about healthier nutritional habits. Promoting the development of effective educational tools to support learning related to nutrition is necessary in order to avoid and prevent chronic diseases

Smartphone addiction, risk factors and its adverse effects in nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Smartphones are technological devices that have a great impact on people's daily lives changing their habits and behaviors. The utilities and capabilities of these devices are increasing and the foresight is that this tendency will grow in the next years. However, the problematic use of the smartphone has increased dangerously, interfering with the clinical practice of healthcare professionals. Objective To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, also known as nomophobia, in nursing students and to identify its related factors and its negative effects. Design Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Data sources The literature search was done in CINAHL, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Review methods The search equation was “(nomophobia OR smartphone) AND nurs* student*”. n = 16 articles were identified. Results The meta-analytic estimation of nomophobia or smartphone addiction was 22% (CI95% 18%–26%] in a sample of n = 2780 nursing students. Smartphone usability is very extended during the clinical practice by nursing students. They indicated using the device or watching other students distracted with their smartphone. Some variables related to excessive use in nursing students are lower sleep quality, lower self-esteem, higher social distress, lower perceived social support or lower communication skills between others. Conclusions The main use of the smartphone by nursing students is for communication with other people and some of them indicate that it can be a distraction

Burnout and Professional Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Nursing Students without Clinical Experience: A Cross-Sectional Study

Burnout affects many healthcare professionals, especially nurses, causing serious health problems and disrupting the work environment. Academic burnout may also be experienced, leading students to feel unable to cope with their education. As a result, they may lose interest and even consider abandoning their studies. Hence, burnout syndrome can affect both the mental health and the professional future of those affected. To evaluate academic burnout in nursing students who had no clinical experience before starting their practical training, a cross-sectional study involving 212 third-year nursing students at the University of Granada was conducted. Data were collected using the Granada Burnout Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Fear of CoronaVirus-19 Scale. High levels of burnout were present in 37.8% of the students. Moreover, 21.5% and 8.7% had borderline cases of anxiety or depression, respectively. Another 30.8% and 9.2%, respectively, were considered likely to present these conditions. According to the predictive models of burnout dimensions obtained, neuroticism is a predictor of all three burnout dimensions. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, extraversion, responsibility and engagement are predictors of some dimensions of the syndrome. Many nursing students present high levels of burnout, which is related to certain personality variables and to the presence of anxiety and/or depression. The level of professional engagement is inversely associated with the impact of burnout. The participants in this study have normalised their return to the pre-pandemic study routine (in-person classes), and fear of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor of any dimension of burnout.FEDER/Consejeria de Universidad, Investigacion e Innovacion de la Junta de Andalucia P20-0062

Effects of Neurofeedback in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Choosing the right treatment is critical to controlling and improving symptoms. An innovative ADHD treatment is neurofeedback (NF) that trains participants to self-regulate brain activity. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of NF interventions in children with ADHD. A systematic review was carried out in the CINAHL, Medline (PubMed), Proquest, and Scopus databases, following the PRISMA recommendations. Nine articles were found. The NF improved behavior, allowed greater control of impulsivity, and increased sustained attention. In addition, it improved motor control, bimanual coordination and was associated with a reduction in theta waves. NF combined with other interventions such as medication, physical activity, behavioral therapy training, or attention training with brain–computer interaction, reduced primary ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, more randomized controlled trials would be necessary to determine the significant effects

Nursing-Intense Health Education Intervention for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a highly prevalent disease, the progression of which depends on high blood glucose levels, which are reflected in the level of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Appropriate health education equips patients with the knowledge and skills to control their glucose and HbA1c levels to avoid long-term complications. This study was set up to compare the results of an intensive (360 min) educational intervention to improve HbA1c parameters in patients with DM2 with those of a usual 90 min intervention. For this purpose, healthcare personnel led a quasi-experimental study of 249 diabetics: 171 in the control group, and 78 in the intervention group. In the control group, the mean HbA1c value decreased from 6.97 to 6.75, while in intervention group it fell from 8.97 to 8.06. The before and after mean difference between both groups was compared with a Wilcoxon test, and the results statistically significant (W = 4530; p < 0.001), indicating a higher reduction of HbA1c in the intervention group. We concluded that the intensive health education provided by nurses during the consultation helped improve HBA1c levels in persons with DM2

Play Therapy as an Intervention in Hospitalized Children: A Systematic Review

Background: Hospitalization disrupts children’s lives and can produce feelings such as anxiety, fear, or pain. Playing is an important part of children’s lives. Thus, it is necessary to ensure holistic care during the process, including play therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the e ect of therapeutic play in hospitalized children. Methods: Asystematic review was performed. The search was conducted in CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CUIDEN, and PubMed (Medline). The search equation was “pediatric nurs* AND play therapy”. The search was performed in March 2020. Results: n = 14 studies were included in the review. The studies reveal that the application of therapeutic play in hospitalized children decreases postoperative pain, improves behavior and attitude, and reduces anxiety during the hospital stay. Conclusions: play therapy has a beneficial impact on the care of hospitalized children and should be implemented in pediatric units after assessing the resources and training needed for pediatric nurse

Nursing students' experience using an escape room for training clinical skills and competencies on emergency care: A qualitative observational study.

Game-based learning is increasing in nursing education. Also, the assessment of the utility of the escape room game is growing. To explore nursing students' opinion about the escape room as an evaluation game, a qualitative observational study with nursing students was carried out. An ad hoc questionnaire with open questions was sent after the game learning experience. The escape room included knowledge and techniques from different specialties. The escape room learning game was a positive experience for the students. The main highlighted characteristics were fun, dynamic, and motivating way to study and learn. Other interesting variables were: "Working as a team and under pressure" (It's a group activity in which everyone must work together. It is a good challenge to learn how to work in urgent situations) and "Different way to assess students´ learning" (In this type of game, I can show more things and not only theoretical knowledge). Game-based learning is increasing in nursing education, as well as the assessment of the utility of the escape room game. Using an escape room for assessing nursing students' knowledge is a positive experience. This learning experience can be also used with nurses in different specialties to promote teamwork and working under pressure

Smartphone addiction, risk factors and its adverse effects in nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Los teléfonos inteligentes son dispositivos tecnológicos que tienen un gran impacto en la vida diaria de las personas cambiando sus hábitos y conductas. Las utilidades y capacidades de estos dispositivos están aumentando y la previsión es que esta tendencia crecerá en los próximos años. Sin embargo, el uso problemático del smartphone ha aumentado peligrosamente, interfiriendo con la práctica clínica de los profesionales sanitarios. Por ello en este trabajo se pretende realizar una revisión sistemática y un meta-análisis para estimar la prevalencia del uso de teléfonos inteligentes, así como la adicción, también conocida como nomofobia, en estudiantes de enfermería e identificar sus factores relacionados y sus efectos negativos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en CINAHL, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science. 16 artículos fueron identificados. La estimación meta-analítica de nomofobia o adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes fue del 22% (IC95% 18%-26%] en un muestra de n = 2780 estudiantes de enfermería. El uso de los teléfonos inteligentes está muy extendido durante la práctica clínica por estudiantes de enfermería. Algunas variables relacionadas con el uso excesivo en estudiantes de enfermería fueron menor calidad del sueño, menor autoestima, mayor angustia social, menor apoyo social percibido o menores habilidades de comunicación entre otros