Caring for a patient who is a potential organ donor : A qualitative literature review from the perspective of the intensive care nurse

Bakgrund: Att vårda potentiella donatorer är en svår uppgift för sjuksköterskan och på grund av den komplexitet och stress som situationen medför är det utmanande för sjuksköterskan på intensivvårdsavdelningen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans uppfattningar och erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med konstaterad hjärndöd och som är potentiella organdonatorer. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie baserades på 14 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Systematisk dataanalys användes där data analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Den systematiska dataanalysen resulterade i åtta subkategorier och tre kategorier. Dessa kategorier var: Sjuksköterskans perspektiv påverkar vårdandet, Den utmanande vården och En vård som väcker starka känslor. Resultatet visade att begreppet hjärndöd var svårt att förstå då patienten såg levande ut. Sjuksköterskans kunskap och syn på organdonation påverkade vården och det var en utmanande uppgift att balansera vården mellan den potentiella donatorn och de närstående. I vården av den potentiella donatorn och mötet med de närstående väcktes starka känslor. Slutsats: Situationen kring den potentiella donatorn och kommunikationen med de närstående är mycket utmanande för sjuksköterskan. En god arbetsmiljö och utbildning i kommunikation är av största vikt för att stärka sjuksköterskans professionella roll.Background: To care for potential donors is a difficult task for nurses and due to the complexities and stressors the situation creates, it is a big challenge for nurses in the intensive care units. Aim: The aim was to clarify the intensive care nurse´s perceptions and experiences caring for patients with the diagnosis of brain death and that are potential organ donors. Method: This literature review was conducted by composing 14 qualitative scientific articles. A systematic data analysis was used where data was analysed through a manifest content analysis. Results: The systematic data analysis resulted in eight subcategories and three categories. The three categories described as: The nurse´s perspectives influence the care, The challenging care and A care that evokes strong emotions. The result showed that the concept of brain death was hard to understand when the patient actually looks alive. The knowledge of the nurse and the perception of organ donation influenced the care and it was a challenging duty to balance the care of the potential donor and the relatives. When caring for the potential donor and meeting with the relatives, strong emotions were created. Conclusion: The situation around the potential donor and the communication with the relatives is very challenging for the nurse. A healthy work environment and education in communication are crucial to improve the professional role of the nurse

Jakten på legitimitet : En studie om konsult/klient relationens initieringsfas

Introduction: The work process of a consultant can be divided into five different stages, where the entry stage is the most important when linking the subject to legitimacy. A great deal of research regarding legitimacy exists, although within areas outside of consulting. Through examining consultant's and potential client's perception of what legitimacy is and how it is created we can determine the importance of the phenomena in building a business relationship between these parties.  Research question: How does legitimacy arise between a consultant and a client in the entry stage of a work relationship?  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of how legitimacy is created in the initial stage of a new consultant/client relationship. We also intend to examine the qualities and circumstances which lead to a consultant to acquire an assignment.  Method: We have, from an inductive approach of research, collected empirical data in order to gain a deeper understanding of legitimacy in the initial stage of a consultant/client relationship. We have through a hermeneutic approach conducted qualitative interviews and also used handbooks in order to collect our empirical material.  Conclusion: In order for legitimacy to arise in a consultant/client relationship, a match between what the consultant can offer and what the client wants and needs has to occur. We cannot draw general definite conclusions regarding how to create legitimacy in practice although using our models can increase an understanding of how the process of legitimacy creation plays out. Keywords: Consulting, Legitimacy, Entry stage, Consultant/client relationship

A human icam-1 antibody isolated by a function-first approach has potent macrophage-dependent antimyeloma activity in vivo.

We isolated a tumor B-cell-targeting antibody, BI-505, from a highly diversified human phage-antibody library, using a pioneering "function-first" approach involving screening for (1) specificity for a tumor B cell surface receptor, (2) induction of tumor programmed cell death, and (3) enhanced in vivo antitumor activity compared to currently used treatments. BI-505 bound to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, identifying a previously unrecognized role for this receptor as a therapeutic target in cancer. The BI-505 epitope was strongly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells from both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients. BI-505 had potent macrophage-dependent antimyeloma activity and conferred enhanced survival compared to currently used treatments in advanced experimental models of multiple myeloma