26,852 research outputs found
Updated constraints on spatial variations of the fine-structure constant
Recent work by Webb {\it et al.} has provided indications of spatial
variations of the fine-structure constant, , at a level of a few parts
per million. Using a dataset of 293 archival measurements, they further show
that a dipole provides a statistically good fit to the data, a result
subsequently confirmed by other authors. Here we show that a more recent
dataset of dedicated measurements further constrains these variations: although
there are only 10 such measurements, their uncertainties are considerably
smaller. We find that a dipolar variation is still a good fit to the combined
dataset, but the amplitude of such a dipole must be somewhat smaller:
ppm for the full dataset, versus ppm for the Webb {\it
et al.} data alone, both at the confidence level. Constraints on the
direction on the sky of such a dipole are also significantly improved. On the
other hand the data can't yet discriminate between a pure spatial dipole and
one with an additional redshift dependence.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Constraining spatial variations of the fine-structure constant in symmetron models
We introduce a methodology to test models with spatial variations of the
fine-structure constant , based on the calculation of the angular power
spectrum of these measurements. This methodology enables comparisons of
observations and theoretical models through their predictions on the statistics
of the variation. Here we apply it to the case of symmetron models. We
find no indications of deviations from the standard behavior, with current data
providing an upper limit to the strength of the symmetron coupling to gravity
() when this is the only free parameter, and not able to
constrain the model when also the symmetry breaking scale factor is
free to vary.Comment: Phys. Lett. B (in press
Evolution of Cosmic Necklaces and Lattices
Previously developed analytic models for the evolution of cosmic string and
monopole networks are applied to networks of monopoles attached to two or more
strings; the former case is usually known as cosmic necklaces. These networks
are a common consequence of models with extra dimensions such as brane
inflation. Our quantitative analysis agrees with (and extends) previous simpler
estimates, but we will also highlight some differences. A linear scaling
solution is usually the attractor solution for both the radiation and
matter-dominated epochs, but other scaling laws can also exist, depending on
the universe's expansion rate and the network's energy loss mechanisms.Comment: 4 page
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