The anatomy of interatrial communications - what does the interventionist need to know?

Increasingly, the interventional cardiologist is seeking to close interatrial communications by inserting devices by means of catheterisation. So as to optimise these procedures, it is adavantageous to have a firm grasp of the anatomy of the normal atrial septal structures, this then providing the basis to understand the morphology of the holes which can exist between the chambers, not all of which are true septal defects.A true septal structure can be removed without exiting from the cavities of the heart. It is the flap valve of the oval fossa, along with the anterior rim of the fossa, which fulfill this criterion. The remainder of the extensive rim of the normal fossa is no more than an infolding between the walls of the right and left atriums and their venous tributaries, and has different dimensions at various points around the ircumference. The so-called muscular atrioventricular “septum” is a sandwich incorporating a layer of epicardial fibro-adipose tissue. True defects of the atrial septum, therefore, exist because of deficiency, perforation, or absence of the flap valve. Most of these defects will prove suitable for interventional closure, but potential caveats include multiple defects, aneurysm of the flap valve, or adjacency of the fossa to the venous orifices. The other interatrial communications, namely the sinus venosus, coronary sinus, and “ostium primum” defects are outside the confines of the oval fossa. Recognition of this feature is the key to their diagnosis, and their ifferentiation from true atrial septal defects. Of these defects, only the coronary sinus defect is likely to be suitable for device closure, and then only in the very rare circumstances when it is seen in isolatio

On the integrability of the SU(N) Hubbard model

We exhibit explicitly the intertwiner operator for the monodromy matrices of the recent proposed SU(N) Hubbard model [5]. This produces a new family of non-additive R-matrices and generalizes an earlier result by Shastry [2].Comment: 4 page

Effect of the additional second neighbor hopping on the charge dynamics in the t-J model

The effect of the additional second neighbor hopping t' on the charge dynamics of the t-J model in the underdoped regime is studied within the fermion-spin theory. The conductivity spectrum of the t-t'-J model shows the low-energy peak and unusual midinfrared band, while the resistivity exhibits a nearly temperature linear dependence with deviation at low temperature in the underdoped regime. Although the qualitative feature of the charge dynamics in the t-t'-J model is the same as in the case of the t-J model, the additional second neighbor hopping t' leads to a clear shift of the position of the midinfrared band to the higher energies in the conductivity spectrum, and suppress the range of the deviation from the temperature linear dependence in the resistivity.Comment: 12 pages, five figures are included, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. A (2002

Doping dependence of charge dynamics in electron-doped cuprates

Within the t-t'-J model, the doping dependence of charge dynamics in electron-doped cuprates is studied. The conductivity spectrum shows a pseudogap structure with a low-energy peak appearing at $\omega\sim 0$ and an rather sharp midinfrared peak appearing around $\omega\sim 0.3\mid t\mid$, and the resistivity exhibits a crossover from the high temperature metallic-like to low temperature insulating-like behavior in the relatively low doped regime, and a metallic-like behavior in the relatively high doped regime, in qualitative agreement with experiments. Our results also show that these unusual behaviors of the charge dynamics is intriguingly related to the magnetic correlation in the system.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, discussions are added, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Charmonium Cross Sections and the QGP

In this short review we summarize experimental information and theoretical results for the low-energy dissociation cross sections of charmonia by light hadrons. These cross sections are required for the simulation of charmonium absorption through collisions with comovers in heavy ion collisions, which competes with quark-gluon plasma production as a charmonium-suppression mechanism. If the cross sections are sufficiently large these dissociation reactions may be misinterpreted as an effect of quark-gluon plasma production. Theoretical predictions for these RHIC-related processes have used various methods, including a color-dipole scattering model, meson exchange models, constituent interchange models and QCD sum rules. As the results have been largely unconstrained by experiment, some of the predictions differ by orders of magnitude, notably in the near-threshold regime that is most relevant to QGP searches.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures. Expanded and updated version of a presentation to QNP-2002 (Juelich, 9-14 June 2002

Evaluations of co-brands: a two-country comparison

This paper explores consumer reactions to a brand alliance, with perceptions of the parent brands, perceived fit between the brands and fit between product categories as the drivers. Drawing on previous work on co-brands (Simonin and Ruth, 1998; Baumgarth, 2000), two simultaneous studies of four consumer brand pairings were conducted in the UK (n=122) and Italy (n=125) using respondents from an online panel. Important differences between the studies are identified and possible cultural explanations for deviant outcomes are discussed

Evolução histórica da verticalização de Balneário Camboriú: Orla da Praia e área central da cidade

Balneário Camboriú localiza-se em Santa Catarina, conta com 108.089 habitantes (IBGE 2010) e área territorial de 46 km², com 100% desta área em perímetro urbano. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o mapeamento e a análise da evolução histórica da verticalização, relativa a distribuição espacial dos edifícios na área central do município e dos índices urbanísticos presentes nos Planos Diretores vigentes desde a sua emancipação em 1964, como também, dos dados estatísticos demográficos dos censos ao longo desde período, levantados junto à prefeitura municipal e ao IBGE. Os resultados demonstram a crescente verticalização em bairros contíguos ao centro, a partir do desenvolvimento da orla e do aumento das populações fixa e flutuante, e consequentemente a demanda por novos empreendimentos – algo que já é visto como característica única de Balneário Camboriú no contexto em que está inserida.Balneario Camboriu is located in Santa Catarina, with 108.089 inhabitants (IBGE 2010) and an area of 46 sq km, with 100% of this area in the urban perimeter. This research aims to map and analyze the Historical Evolution of the Verticalization relative to the spatial distribution of the buildings within the city and Urban Index within the current and past Master Plan zoning laws since its emancipation in 1964, as well as statistical demographic data retrieved from the various census in this period, gathered with the Urban Planning division of the city hall, as well as with IBGE. The results show an increase of the city.s verticalizationin the areas adjacent from the center, from the development of the seashore and increase of population (fixed and floating) . and the consequent demand for new undertakings . something well known as a strong characteristic of BalnearioCamboriu in the context it is inserted

An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species

We provide an illustrated list of species belonging to the genus Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) collected during an expedition conducted between September 10-21, 2011 in the northern part of the Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, a remote region of Amazon rainforest. A total of 46 individuals were collected belonging to 15 species. For all recorded species, drawings of male genitalia and behavioral information are provided to support future studies on the taxonomy of the group. A new species, Symmachia divisora Dolibaina and Leite, sp. nov., is described, and a revised status for Symmachia hetaerina hesione Stichel, 1910, stat. rev., is proposed.Fornecemos a lista ilustrada das espécies pertencentes ao gênero Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) coletadas durante uma expedição entre os dias 10-21 de setembro de 2011 na porção norte do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brasil, uma remota região de Floresta Amazônica. Ao total foram coletados 46 indivíduos pertencentes a 15 espécies. Para todas as espécies registradas são fornecidos desenhos da genitália masculina e informações de comportamento, com a finalidade de subsidiar futuros trabalhos sobre a taxonomia do grupo. Uma nova espécie, Symmachia divisora Dolibaina and Leite, sp. nov., é descrita, assim como é proposto um status revalidado para Symmachia hetaerina hesione Stichel, 1910, stat. rev.

Patient reactions to community pharmacies' roles: evidence from the Portuguese market

Background: There is little knowledge about how patients perceive and react to the extended role of community pharmacies. Aim: To develop a model describing the expanded role of Portuguese community pharmacies as comprising three roles - medicines supplier, advice provider and community health promoter - and two important patient reactions: satisfaction and loyalty. Design: In 2010, 1200 face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients of community pharmacies in Portugal. A model comprising the three pharmacy roles and the two patient reactions was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. Results: The results showed that the model was appropriate and that the roles of medicines supplier, advice provider and community health promoter were positively related to patients' satisfaction and loyalty. Conclusions: These results show that patients are aware of the different roles played by community pharmacies in Portugal. The data support the idea that the movement of Portuguese pharmacists' extended role, framed within a global context where society sends expectations regarding the role of organizations in the community in which they operate, is producing positive results for both patients and pharmacists.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New results for the t-J model in ladders: Changes in the spin liquid state with applied magnetic field. Implications for the cuprates

Exact Diagonalization calculations are presented for the t-J model in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. Results for 2xL ladders (L=8,10,12) and 4x4 square clusters with 1 and 2 holes indicate that the diamagnetic response to a perpendicular magnetic field tends to induce a spin liquid state in the spin background. The zero-field spin liquid state of a two-leg ladder is reinforced by the magnetic field: a considerable increase of rung antiferromagnetic correlations is observed for J/t up to 0.6, for 1 and 2 holes. Pair-breaking is also clearly observed in the ladders and seems to be associated in part with changes promoted by the field in the spin correlations around the zero-field pair. In the 4x4 cluster, the numerical results seem to indicate that the field-induced spin liquid state competes with the zero-field antiferromagnetic short-range-order, the spin liquid state being favored by higher doping and smaller values of J/t. It is interesting to note that the field-effect can also be observed in a 2x2 plaquette with 1 and 2 holes. This opens up the possibility of gaining a qualitative understanding of the effect.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, latex New results adde